ASSIGNMENT:
What are the Lessons Learned from the Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital and
North Carolina Children’s Hospital pediatric open cardiac surgery program
failures? What are the regulatory implications?
New PART 3 after
PARTs 1 and 2.
PART 1. February 26, 2019. Johns Hopkins All Children’s
Hospital (St Petersburg, Florida) – problems in the hospital’s heart surgery
unit
PART 2. June 1, 2019. “The situation that the New York
Times described in North Carolina parallels that at Johns Hopkins All
Children’s Hospital in St. Petersburg, which stopped performing heart surgeries
after the Tampa Bay Times reported on problems in the unit
PART 1. February
26, 2019. Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital (St Petersburg, Florida) –
problems in the hospital’s heart surgery unit
“The Patient Safety and Healthcare Quality Masters
program is a fully online, interdisciplinary degree offered by Johns Hopkins
University. It is a first-of-its-kind collaboration between the Johns Hopkins
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns
Hopkins School of Nursing and the Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and
Quality. It combines coursework from JHU’s top ranked schools and the Armstrong
Institute’s pioneering advances in patient safety-educating students in the
transformative mechanisms and evidence-based protocols that reduce preventable
patient harm and improve clinical outcomes.
Renowned, industry-shaping experts lead this exciting new
program designed for working adults. The program focuses on: Measurement of
safety and quality; Designing safer systems; Organizational and cultural
change. ” (A)
“Patient Safety and Quality at Johns Hopkins Medicine.
Each day in a hospital, staff members undertake complicated
tasks caring for patients. Johns Hopkins Medicine’s patient safety efforts aim
to ensure that all of these steps work together to deliver high-quality,
compassionate care to all patients across our health system.
Johns Hopkins Health System hospitals and services
consistently receive awards and honors for patient safety and quality,
including Top Performer on Key Quality Measures by the Joint Commission, Magnet
designation for nursing, HomeCare Elite and Delmarva Foundation Excellence
Awards. The Johns Hopkins Hospital has been ranked No. 1 in the nation by U.S.
News & World Report for 22 years of the survey’s 25-year history, most
recently in 2013.
Patient Safety and Quality Measures
This website shares data for the Johns Hopkins Health
System. Here, you will find information about key safety issues and the
patient’s experience of care, including:
Patient Experience – Based on survey results from previous
patients, you can see how others rated their experience of care from a Johns
Hopkins Medicine hospital or home health care provider.
Infection Prevention – These measures include the rate of
CLABSIs, a bloodstream infection caused by a central line (large IV) that are
considered preventable and hand hygiene, the percentage of medical staff
members observed washing their hands or using hand sanitizer before and after
caring for a patient.
Core Measures – These measures are national standards of
care and treatment processes for common conditions. Core measure compliance
shows how often a hospital follows each of these steps.
Surgical Volumes – Studies have shown a strong relationship
exists between the number of times a hospital performs a specific surgical
procedure and the outcomes for those patients. In 2016, we started sharing our
hospitals’ surgical volumes for many common and high-risk procedures.
Quality of Care Ratings – The quality of patient care star
rating is a summary of how well the Johns Hopkins Home Care Group and Potomac
Home Health Care perform on nine quality measures such as ambulation.
Pediatrics – These measures include national standards of
treatment for common conditions, infection prevention, pain management and
emergency department wait times for Johns Hopkins’ pediatric divisions.
Hospital Readmissions – Patients are most vulnerable for
readmission to a hospital immediately following discharge. This measure tracks
how many Medicare patients with specific conditions were readmitted to the
hospital within 30 days for any reason.
Our Commitment to Transparency
Patients and their loved ones deserve to be informed about
the quality of their heath care. At Johns Hopkins Medicine, we are dedicated to
sharing our performance and how we work to provide the best care with past,
present and future patients. The Johns Hopkins Armstrong Institute for Patient
Safety and Quality coordinates safety and quality improvement efforts and
training across our health system.
We hope you will find this website a valuable resource and
encourage you to ask your health care team if you have any questions or
concerns. (B)
“Patient Trust, Confidence Built on Interprofessional
Innovation
Medical errors and preventable patient infections and
injuries together make up the third-leading cause of death in the United
States, a startling statistic.
The Johns Hopkins School of Nursing understands that an
increasing focus on patient safety and quality of care depends upon a
healthcare workforce that knows the risks and the proper responses from patients’
arrival to their safe discharge.
The Helene Fuld Leadership Program for the Advancement of
Patient Safety and Quality (The Fuld Fellows Program) emphasizes
interprofessional education and training, simulation, and service-learning
experiences involving nurses, medical students, pharmacists, and other health
professionals whose collaboration is critical for reducing preventable harm to
patients.
Nurses, as the primary contact with patients, play a key
role in their safety. Hopkins Nursing, as part of an interprofessional team
that includes the Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety & Quality and the
Johns Hopkins Health Systems, works to prepare nurses ready to communicate,
cooperate, innovate, and lead on issues of patient safety and quality of care.”
(C)
“Johns Hopkins Medicine Armstrong Institute for Patient
Safety and Quality
A roadmap for patient safety and quality improvement
This month the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
(AHRQ) published a new report that identifies the most promising practices for
improving patient safety in U.S. hospitals.
An update to the 2001 publication Making Health Care Safer:
A Critical Analysis of Patient Safety Practices, the new report reflects just
how much the science of safety has advanced.
A decade ago the science was immature; researchers posited
quick fixes without fully appreciating the difficulty of challenging and
changing accepted behaviors and beliefs.
Today, based on years of work by patient safety
researchers-including many at Johns Hopkins-hospitals are able to implement
evidence-based solutions to address the most pernicious causes of preventable
patient harm. According to the report, here is a list of the top 10 patient
safety interventions that hospitals should adopt now.
Top 10 Recommended Patient Safety Strategies
1. Preoperative checklists and anesthesia checklists to
prevent operative and postoperative events.
2. Bundles that include checklists to prevent central
line-associated bloodstream infections
3. Interventions to reduce urinary catheter use, including
catheter reminders, stop orders, or nurse-initiated removal protocols
4. Bundles that include head-of-bed elevation, sedation
vacations, oral care with chlorhexidine, and subglottic-suctioning endotracheal
tubes to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia
5. Hand hygiene
6. The do-not-use list for hazardous abbreviations
7. Multicomponent interventions to reduce pressure ulcers
8. Barrier precautions to prevent healthcare-associated
infections
9. Use of real-time ultrasonography for central line
placement
10. Interventions to improve prophylaxis for venous
thromboembolisms…
Even with a list of sound strategies, creating a plan to
implement all or even half of them may sound like a daunting task. The
Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality has created a checklist to
help you get started.
1. Identify priorities and assess readiness for change.
2. Establish engagement and accountability at all levels of
the organization.
3. Communicate constantly (the good and the bad).
4. Measure, measure, measure… and then measure some more.
(D)
“Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital provides expert
pediatric care for infants, children and teens with some of the most
challenging medical problems in our community and around the world.
Named a top 50 children’s hospital by U.S. News & World
Report, we provide access to innovative treatments and therapies. Taking part
in pediatric medical education and clinical research helps us to provide care
in more than 50 specialties.
With more than half of our 259 beds devoted to intensive
care level services, we are the regional pediatric referral center for
Florida’s West Coast. Physicians and community hospitals count on us to care
for critically ill patients and perform complex surgical procedures.
Parents count on us, too. Our philosophy of family-centered
care means family members are an important part of our health care team. We
include parents in making decisions and plans for their child’s care. We also
include patients who are old enough to take part in these discussions.
To help us design our hospital that we opened in January
2010, we asked patients, parents and our staff to share ideas. The result was a
spacious and bright hospital with individual rooms where parents can
comfortably spend the night. With the latest technology and our commitment to
family-centered care, our hospital provides an ideal environment for
healing.” (E)
“Quality, Outcomes and Patient Safety at Johns Hopkins
All Children’s
We are committed to treating you and your child with
compassion and respect. We believe that you deserve honesty in our
communication about the plan for your child’s care and we will demonstrate
uncompromising integrity to earn your trust. We will be responsible for
including each family as a part of our care team that is committed to safe and
innovative care practices. Our goal is to inspire hope for you and your child
through our focus on inquiry, collaboration, and team work.
Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital believes in Creating
healthy tomorrows… for one child, for All Children. Our focus on Quality
assures that we are continually improving our processes in an effort to achieve
this vision. Using a team approach we tap into the know-how of our expert
medical staff and employees to improve the quality and safety of the care we
provide.
Our Quality Model provides the basis for understanding
patient needs, measuring and using data, and achieving real improvement.
Improving continuously is our goal. To do this we encourage each member of our
team to find ways to do their work better and to make patient safety a
priority. Together we are focused on pursuing perfection for All Children.
Quality Measures
There are many ways to look at and measure quality. Our data
uses information from key areas to help families, healthcare providers, and
others learn about our progress in pursuing perfection for All Children.”
(F)
“Sandra Vázquez paced the heart unit at Johns Hopkins
All Children’s Hospital.
Her 5-month-old son, Sebastián Vixtha, lay unconscious in
his hospital crib, breathing faintly through a tube. Two surgeries to fix his
heart had failed, even the one that was supposed to be straightforward.
Vázquez saw another mom in the room next door crying. Her
baby was also in bad shape.
Down the hall, 4-month-old Leslie Lugo had developed a
serious infection in the surgical incision that snaked down her chest. Her
parents argued with the doctors. They didn’t believe the hospital room had been
kept sterile.
By the end of the week, all three babies would die…
The internationally renowned Johns Hopkins had taken over
the St. Petersburg hospital six years earlier and vowed to transform its heart
surgery unit into one of the nation’s best.
Instead, the program got worse and worse until children were
dying at a stunning rate, a Tampa Bay Times investigation has found.
Nearly one in 10 patients died last year. The mortality
rate, suddenly the highest in Florida, had tripled since 2015…
Times reporters spent a year examining the All Children’s
Heart Institute – a small, but important division of the larger hospital
devoted to caring for children born with heart defects…
They discovered a program beset with problems that were
whispered about in heart surgery circles but hidden from the public.
Among the findings:
All Children’s surgeons made serious mistakes, and their
procedures went wrong in unusual ways. They lost needles in at least two
infants’ chests. Sutures burst. Infections mounted. Patches designed to cover
holes in tiny hearts failed.
Johns Hopkins’ handpicked administrators disregarded safety
concerns the program’s staff had raised as early as 2015. It wasn’t until early
2017 that All Children’s stopped performing the most complex procedures. And it
wasn’t until late that year that it pulled one of its main surgeons from the
operating room.
Even after the hospital stopped the most complex procedures,
children continued to suffer. A doctor told Cash Beni-King’s parents his
operation would be easy. His mother and father imagined him growing up, playing
football. Instead multiple surgeries failed, and he died.
In just a year and a half, at least 11 patients died after
operations by the hospital’s two principal heart surgeons. The 2017 death rate
was the highest any Florida pediatric heart program had seen in the last
decade.
Parents were kept in the dark about the institute’s
troubles, including some that affected their children’s care. Leslie Lugo’s
family didn’t know she caught pneumonia in the hospital until they read her
autopsy report. The parents of another child didn’t learn a surgical needle was
left inside their baby until after she was sent home.
The Times presented its findings to hospital leaders in a
series of memos early this month. They declined interview requests and did not
make the institute’s doctors available to comment.
In a statement, All Children’s did not dispute the Times’
reporting. The hospital said it halted all pediatric heart surgeries in October
and is conducting a review of the program.
“Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital is defined by
our commitment to patient safety and providing the highest quality care
possible to the children and families we serve,” the hospital wrote.
“An important part of that commitment is a willingness to learn.” (G)
The top three leaders of Johns Hopkins All Children’s
Hospital in Florida resigned Tuesday following a Tampa Bay Times investigation
that revealed increasing mortality rates among heart surgery patients.
The resignations from the 259-bed teaching hospital in St.
Petersburg included CEO Jonathan Ellen, M.D., and Vice President Jackie Crain,
as well as Jeffrey Jacobs, M.D., who is the heart institute’s deputy director,
the Tampa Bay Times reported. Paul Colombani, M.D., stepped down as chairman of
the department of surgery but will continue working in a clinical capacity, a
statement from the health system said.
“Losing a child is something no family should have to
endure, and we are committed to learning everything we can about what happened
at the Heart Institute, including a top-to-bottom evaluation of its leadership
and key processes,” a statement from Johns Hopkins read. “The events
described in recent news reports are unacceptable.”
Johns Hopkins, which owns and operates the hospital, said it
would install Kevin Sowers, who is president of the Johns Hopkins Health System
and executive vice president of Johns Hopkins Medicine, to lead the hospital in
a temporary capacity while a plan for interim leadership is put into place.
George Jallo, M.D., who is medical director of the Institute
for Brain Protection Sciences and chief of pediatric neurosurgery, will serve
as interim vice dean and physician-in-chief, and Paul Danielson, M.D., who is
chief of the Division of Pediatric Surgery at Johns Hopkins All Children’s
Hospital, will serve as interim chair of the surgery department.
Johns Hopkins’ board also said it commissioned an external
review to examine the heart surgery program and said it would share its lessons
from the review to help hospitals around the country avoid the same mistakes.
The moves come following the Tampa Bay Times investigation
that highlighted a growing number of heart surgery deaths at the hospital amid
warnings about safety from staffers that went unheeded. (H)
“Three additional senior administrators have left Johns
Hopkins All Children’s Hospital in the wake of a Tampa Bay Times investigation
into high mortality rates at the hospital’s Heart Institute, the hospital
announced Wednesday.
A total of six senior officials have left since the Times
report, including the hospital’s CEO, three vice presidents and two surgeons
who held leadership roles at the Heart Institute. A seventh official stepped
down as chairman of the surgery department but remained employed at the
hospital as a doctor.
The resignations announced Wednesday included vice
presidents Dr. Brigitta Mueller, the hospital’s chief patient safety officer,
and Sylvia Ameen, who oversaw culture and employee engagement and served as the
hospital’s chief spokeswoman.
The hospital also said Dr. Gerhard Ziemer, who started as
the Heart Institute’s new director and chief of cardiovascular surgery in
October, would leave the hospital. The hospital never publicly announced Ziemer
had been hired, and he had not yet obtained his Florida medical license when
the Times investigation was published at the end of November. At that point,
the hospital said the Heart Institute had already stopped performing surgeries.
“While Dr. Ziemer is not responsible for the current
state of the program, we agreed that a fresh start was needed to ensure success
for the program,” Johns Hopkins Health System President Kevin Sowers said
in a letter to the hospital’s staff.” ..
In his letter to the staff, Sowers said that several
hospital executives had been tasked with leading “critically important
work around advancing our culture of safety.”
“As we work to rebuild the trust of our community, we
must also work to fully embrace and support a culture where we are each
empowered and encouraged to speak up and speak out if we see or hear something
that concerns us,” he wrote. “This commitment applies to clinical
concerns as well as inappropriate workplace behavior.”
Sowers also announced that Johns Hopkins had hired external
experts to develop a plan to restart heart surgeries at All Children’s.
That is a separate effort from an external review of the
problems in the Heart Institute, which Johns Hopkins announced its board had
commissioned last month, spokeswoman Kim Hoppe said…
Johns Hopkins is one of the most prestigious brands in
medicine and is internationally renowned for developing innovative patient
safety protocols that are used at hospitals across the world. But last weekend,
the Times published a story detailing a series of safety problems at hospitals
across its network. In response, the health system pledged to “do
better.” (I)
“The Johns Hopkins Medicine Board of Trustees has
appointed a former federal prosecutor to lead its investigation into the Johns
Hopkins All Children’s Hospital’s heart surgery unit, the health system
announced late Tuesday.
F. Joseph Warin, of the global law firm Gibson Dunn, and his
team will review the high mortality rates and other problems at the hospital’s
Heart Institute and report back to a special committee of the board of trustees
by May, the health system said.
Once the review is complete, the health system said it would
also name an independent monitor at All Children’s to “make sure that the
hospital is being held accountable for taking corrective action where
necessary.”
The announcement was accompanied by a video of Johns Hopkins
Health System president Kevin Sowers, who acknowledged for the first time that
the hospital had been warned about problems by frontline workers.
“I know personally that many of you courageously spoke
out when you had concerns but were ignored or turned away,” he said.
“That behavior is unacceptable and will not be tolerated going
forward.”
Sowers, who is also interim president at All Children’s,
said he hoped to meet with the families of patients affected by problems in the
Heart Institute in the coming days to share his “profound sadness for the
failures of care they experienced.” (J)
“The external review was prompted by multiple reports
by the Tampa Bay Times about problems at the center which could have
contributed to its mortality rate tripling between 2015 and 2017…
Health News Florida’s Stephanie Colombini talked about what
could come next with Kathleen McGrory, one of the lead reporters.
One of the big problems you uncovered in your reporting was
the lack of available data about mortality rates at a lot of these heart
surgery programs…
Officials have either refused to release it or they only
release four-year averages, which could mislead families about the current
state of the program they’re choosing.
How is the state looking at making these programs more
transparent?
There were some problems at another pediatric heart surgery
program in 2015 in Palm Beach County (St. Mary’s Medical Center), and after
those problems surfaced, the legislature put together a panel (Pediatric
Cardiology Technical Advisory Panel) tasked with looking at transparency and
ways we could, as a state, make these programs better and more accountable.
That panel is in the middle of doing its work right now and
in fact has come close to finalizing some recommendations.
The panel would like all of these heart surgery programs to
be reporting their one-year data (on mortality rates) rather than their
four-year data because that four-year data can sometimes hide serious problems…
So the state is looking into making heart surgery programs
more accountable, but is anyone calling for change when it comes to the
government’s role in this?
You reported that multiple times state and federal
regulators were alerted to problems at All Children’s and yet little, to no
action was taken.
We saw U.S. Reps. Kathy Castor and Charlie Crist put some
really tough questions to federal regulators asking what they had investigated
and when. We haven’t heard back yet on that front but we know it’s something
they’ll be looking into.
The state told us that they did the best they could do with
the information that they had, same thing with the federal government.
But ACHA has a new chief (Mary Mayhew). We haven’t gotten a
chance to connect with her yet and see what her thoughts are on this, but we certainly
will do that in the new year. (K)
“State and federal inspectors descended on Johns
Hopkins All Children’s Hospital this week, following sharp calls for an
investigation into problems in the hospital’s heart surgery unit, the Tampa Bay
Times has learned.
The scope of the inspection is unclear. But hospital
regulators had been criticized in recent weeks for their lax response to early
signs of an increase in mortality at the hospital’s Heart Institute.
A Florida Agency for Health Care Administration spokeswoman
said her agency had been at the facility.
A spokeswoman for the hospital confirmed federal inspectors
had been there, too.
“We appreciate the oversight role that our regulators
play and we will, as always, be fully cooperative and collaborative as they
conduct any reviews necessary,” a statement from the hospital said.
A spokeswoman for the federal Centers for Medicare and
Medicaid Services declined to comment beyond saying the matter remained
“an ongoing review.”
In November, the Times reported that the mortality rate for
heart surgery patients at All Children’s tripled from 2015 to 2017 to become
the highest rate in Florida. The increase occurred after staff members warned
the hospital’s leaders about problems with two heart surgeons, the Times found.
State and federal regulators knew the institute was having
problems months earlier. In April, the hospital’s CEO told the Times that the
institute had “challenges” that led to an uptick in mortality, and
acknowledged the hospital had left surgical needles inside two children.
In May, state regulators cited the hospital for not properly
reporting two medical mistakes, which is required by state law. Days later, a
spokeswoman for the federal agency told the Times that it would perform its own
investigation.
But state regulators didn’t fine the hospital, and
overlooked several subsequent warnings that its surgical results had been poor.
And federal inspectors later changed course and decided not
to undertake a comprehensive review of the heart surgery program, the Times
reported last month. One reason was that state inspectors hadn’t found any
violations of federal rules, a spokeswoman said. Another was that a nonprofit
hospital accreditor was due to perform a scheduled review.” (L)
Two Omaha surgeons filed a lawsuit Friday against Children’s
Hospital & Medical Center, alleging that they were wrongfully suspended and
forced to resign privileges there after they raised patient safety concerns.
In the suit, Dr. Jason Miller and Dr. Mark Puccioni say that
the hospital suspended their privileges to practice at the Omaha facility after
they raised concerns about the death of a 7-month-old during an operation. That
operation was performed this fall by another surgeon, Dr. Adam Conley, the suit
says.
In their communications, according to the suit filed in
Douglas County District Court, the two also questioned Conley’s “skill and
ability.”
In addition to the hospital, the lawsuit names as defendants
Conley, as well as Dr. Richard Azizkhan, who took over as Children’s president
and CEO in October 2015.
Children’s officials said in a statement that the hospital
does not comment on pending litigation “other than to say we strongly
disagree with these allegations…
Children’s has faced other issues in recent months.
In late November, a former pharmacy director at the hospital
was accused of funneling more than $4.4 million from the organization into her
personal account over six years. She was terminated in June and faces a hearing
regarding possible disciplinary action later this month.
About three weeks ago, the Nebraska Medical Association sent
a letter to the board of Children’s Hospital expressing concerns about
“patient care, safety and quality” at the Omaha hospital, in addition
to the loss of longtime physicians.
In the Dec. 11 letter, the president of the group, Dr. Britt
Thedinger, wrote, “We as physicians are concerned about the summary
suspensions, terminations and resignations of long-time outstanding physician
colleagues.” The letter also expressed concern that children were being
transferred to outside institutions because of “complications” and
inadequate staffing at the Omaha hospital.
Thedinger said the organization did not intend for the
letter to become public. The intent, he said, was to bring issues that had been
raised by members to the hospital board and administration.” (M)
“The New Jersey Department of Health is investigating
four Acinetobacter baumannii cases in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)
of University Hospital in Newark, authorities announced Thursday evening.
DOH officials stated:
“The department first became aware of this bacterial
infection on Oct. 1 and two department teams have been closely monitoring the
situation. Those department teams, which have been at the facility last week
and this week, have been ensuring that infection control protocols are followed
and are tracking cases of the infection. The department’s inspection revealed
major infection control deficiencies.”
According to the DOH, a premature baby with the bacteria who
had been cared for at University Hospital was transferred to another facility
and passed away toward the end of September, prior to the department’s
notification of problems in the NICU.
“Due to the other compounding medical conditions, the
exact cause of death is still being investigated,” DOH officials said.
The department has ordered a Directed Plan of Correction
that requires University Hospital to employ a full-time Certified Infection
Control Practitioner consultant, who will report to the DOH on immediate
actions taken in the coming days.
DOH officials said they are also exploring further actions
the agency may need to take in the coming days to “ensure patient
safety.” (N)
“Four New Jersey pediatric care facilities and one
hospital are now under the state’s microscope after nine children died and 26
people were sickened by a deadly virus over the past month.
A Department of Health team of infection control experts and
epidemiologists will visit University Hospital in Newark and four pediatric long-term
care facilities in November to conduct training and assessments of infection
control procedures, Commissioner Dr. Shereef Elnahal has announced.
The team of experts will visit University Hospital, the
Wanaque Center for Nursing & Rehabilitation in Haskell, Voorhees Pediatric
Facility in Voorhees and Children’s Specialized Hospital in Toms River and
Mountainside. The department reached out to the facilities last week to
schedule visits in November.
The decision comes after nine children at a Wanaque facility
have died since an outbreak of the adenovirus was declared there. Victims
became sick between Sept. 26 and Oct. 22. Authorities confirmed that the virus
killed eight of the nine kids.
Twenty-six kids and a staff member, who has since recovered,
have become ill as part of the outbreak, state health officials said.
Laboratory tests confirmed the 26th case. (O)
“Two decades ago, the Institute of Medicine shook the
medical profession with its “To Err is Human” report which said
nearly 100,000 people a year lost their lives to preventable medical errors…
During the 7th Annual World Patient Safety, Science &
Technology Summit over the weekend, the Patient Safety Movement Foundation
released a new tool on its website to help with the training.
The patient safety curriculum is one of 17 Actionable
Patient Safety Solutions (APSS) made available to organizations for free to
help train health professionals in systems science so they can help find ways
to reduce preventable patient deaths, officials said.
“The goal is to get every health professional to think
in a system way,” said Steven Scheinman, M.D., the president and dean of
Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine. He led a Patient Safety Movement
working group which included experts from Geisinger, San Diego State,
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Johns Hopkins Health, and MedStar
Georgetown to develop the curriculum over an 18-month period.
The Patient Safety Movement was founded in 2013 to help
reduce preventable deaths in healthcare and in 2015 set a goal of zero
preventable deaths by 2020. More than 90,000 patients who might have died as a
result of medical errors were saved in 2018 due to efforts made by more than
4,700 hospitals that committed to patient safety efforts, according to figures released
by the foundation. In all, a total of 273,077 lives have been saved since the
first summit, officials said.
The newly released safety curriculum can be adapted to any
healthcare profession including medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and behavioral
health and can be used for student training, as well as training for
experienced professionals.
“We want to train every health professional to take
ownership of the patient’s safety and experience so they understand safe
communication and know when they are telling another person about the patient
or handing them over or referring them over, how to make sure they get all the
critical information there,” Scheinman said…
“The airline industry solved safety by creating the
right systems,” Scheinman said. “Medical errors are very widespread.
But they usually aren’t a doctor making a mistake. They can be. But they’re
more often the system failed to pick something up or allowed something bad to
happen.”
And with this training, he said, those medical professionals
might be that much more likely to help figure out a new solution to make sure
something bad doesn’t happen again.” (P)
“.. experience showcases the promise of a much-touted
but little understood collaboration in health care: alliances between community
hospitals and some of the nation’s biggest and most respected institutions.
For prospective patients, it can be hard to assess what
these relationships actually mean – and whether they matter.
Leah Binder, president and chief executive of the Leapfrog
Group, a Washington-based patient safety organization that grades hospitals
based on data involving medical errors and best practices, cautions that
affiliation with a famous name is not a guarantee of quality.
“Brand names don’t always signify the highest quality of
care,” she said. “And hospitals are really complicated
places.”..
To expand their reach, flagship hospitals including Mayo,
the Cleveland Clinic and Houston’s MD Anderson Cancer Center have signed
affiliation agreements with smaller hospitals around the country. These
agreements, which can involve different levels of clinical integration,
typically grant community hospitals access to experts and specialized services
at the larger hospitals while allowing them to remain independently owned and
operated. For community hospitals, a primary goal of the brand-name affiliation
is stemming the loss of patients to local competitors…
In some cases, large hospital systems opt for a different
approach, largely involving acquisition. Johns Hopkins acquired Sibley Memorial
and Suburban hospitals in the Washington, D.C., area, along with All Children’s
Hospital in St. Petersburg, Fla. The latter was re-christened Johns Hopkins All
Children’s Hospital in 2016…
Although affiliation agreements differ, many involve payment
of an annual fee by smaller hospitals. Officials at Mayo and MD Anderson
declined to reveal the amount, as did executives at several affiliates.
Contracts with Mayo must be renewed annually, while some with MD Anderson
exceed five years…
“It is not the Mayo Clinic,” said Dr. David Hayes,
medical director of the Mayo Clinic Care Network, which was launched in 2011.
“It is a Mayo clinic affiliate.”
Of the 250 U.S. hospitals or health systems that have
expressed serious interest in joining Mayo’s network, 34 have become members.
For patients considering a hospital that has such an
affiliation, Binder advises checking ratings from a variety of sources, among
them Leapfrog, Medicare and Consumer Reports, and not just relying on
reputation.
“In theory, it can be very helpful,” Binder said
of such alliances. “The problem is that theory and reality don’t always
come together in health care.”
Case in point: Hopkins’ All Children’s has been besieged by
recent reports of catastrophic surgical injuries and errors and a spike in
deaths among pediatric heart patients since Hopkins took over. Hopkins’ chief
executive has apologized, more than a half-dozen top executives resigned and
Hopkins recently hired a former federal prosecutor to conduct a review of what
went wrong.
“For me and my family, I always look at the data,”
Binder said. “Nothing else matters if you’re not taken care of in a
hospital, or you have the best surgeon in the world and die from an
infection.” ” (Q)
L.State and federal inspectors visit All Children’s after reports on heart surgery deaths, by Kathleen McGrory and Neil Bedi, https://www.tampabay.com/investigations/2019/01/11/state-and-federal-inspectors-visit-all-childrens-after-reports-on-heart-surgery-deaths/
Q.Community Hospitals Link Arms With Prestigious Facilities To Raise Their Profiles, by Sandra G. Boodman, https://khn.org/news/community-hospitals-link-arms-with-prestigious-facilities-to-raise-their-profiles/
PART 2. June 1,
2019. “The situation that the New York Times described in North Carolina
parallels that at Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital in St. Petersburg,
which stopped performing heart surgeries after the Tampa Bay Times reported on
problems in the unit
“Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital in St.
Petersburg, Fla., has been given another extension from federal regulators to
correct its problems. The pediatric hospital came under fire in late 2018 after
the Tampa Bay Times uncovered widespread problems at the facility, including a
rising death rate in the pediatric heart unit.
The reporting from the Times led to the resignation of
several high-profile executives at the hospital and a federal investigation
from CMS that led to a series of corrective actions with the government.
Now, the hospital still needs more time to meet the demands
of inspectors, the Tampa Bay Times reported. Inspectors found problems with All
Children’s infection control unit, which the hospital must fix by “early
May.” The agreement with CMS to meet corrective actions underscores how
the hospital has been at risk of losing public funding, which covered more than
60% of its patients in 2017, according to the Times.” (A)
“Care in a special heart surgery unit at Johns Hopkins
All Children’s Hospital in St. Petersburg, Fla., became so troubled that last
year one in 10 patients died and others suffered devastating complications
before procedures were halted, a year-long investigation by the Tampa Bay Times
found.
The investigation found that staff raised safety concerns as
early as 2015 but the hospital, led by administrators sent by Hopkins,
disregarded warnings and didn’t stop performing the most complex procedures
until early last year. All surgeries were curtailed eventually and a review
launched. The status of two surgeons connected to most of the complications is
unclear…
In a statement to the Tampa Bay Times, All Children’s said
it “is defined by our commitment to patient safety and providing the
highest quality care possible to the children and families we serve. An
important part of that commitment is a willingness to learn. When we became
aware of challenges with our heart institute we took action to address
them.”
The hospital said it initially stopped performing complex
cases and brought in a surgeon from Baltimore. Then it halted all surgeries
after that surgeon left. The hospital said it is currently reviewing the
program and recruiting new surgeons with aid from Hopkins and plans to resume
surgeries “when all involved are confident that the care being delivered
meets the high standards set by this organization.”
A statement from Johns Hopkins Medicine to The Baltimore Sun
said, “We are devastated when children suffer, and losing a child is
something that no parent should have to endure. We are continuing to take a
very close look at the program, and will not resume open heart surgeries until
we are confident this program at Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital delivers
care that meets the highest standards.”” (B)
“Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital posted an
operating loss in the three months ended March 31, as the St. Petersburg
pediatric hospital dealt with the fallout of federal and state probes into its
practices.
The hospital had an $11.5 million quarterly operating loss,
according to a May 13 financial report from The Johns Hopkins Health System
Corp. and affiliates. Operating revenue dropped 7.1 percent to $119.9 million,
while operating expenses climbed 10.5 percent to $131.4 million.
The operating loss was attributed to closing the hospital’s
Heart Institute. The facility closed after an investigation by the Tampa Bay Times
found seven children had died or were permanently injured due to substandard
care in the cardiovascular surgery program…
“The decrease in income from operations and operating
margin percentage was mainly driven by lower net patient service revenue at
[Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital] as a result of the closing of the Heart
Institute,” the May 13 report said.” (C)
“Tasha and Thomas Jones sat beside their 2-year-old
daughter as she lay in intensive care at North Carolina Children’s Hospital.
Skylar had just come out of heart surgery and should recover well, her parents
were told. But that night, she flatlined. Doctors and nurses swarmed around
her, performing chest compressions for nearly an hour before putting the little
girl on life support.
Five days later, in June 2016, the hospital’s pediatric
cardiologists gathered one floor below for what became a wrenching discussion.
Patients with complex conditions had been dying at higher-than-expected rates
in past years, some of the doctors suspected. Now, even children like Skylar,
undergoing less risky surgeries, seemed to fare poorly.
The cardiologists pressed their division chief about what
was happening at the hospital, part of the respected University of North
Carolina medical center in Chapel Hill, while struggling to decide if they
should continue to send patients to UNC for heart surgery…
That March, a newborn had died after muscles supporting a
valve in his heart appeared to have been damaged during surgery. At least two
patients undergoing low-risk surgeries had recently experienced complications.
In May, a baby girl with a complex heart condition died two weeks after her
operation. Two days later, Skylar went in for surgery.
In the doctors’ meeting, the chief of pediatric cardiology,
Dr. Timothy Hoffman, was blunt. “It’s a nightmare right now,” he
said. “We are in crisis, and everyone is aware of that.”
That comment and others – captured in secret audio
recordings provided to The New York Times – offer a rare, unfiltered look
inside a medical institution as physicians weighed their ethical obligations to
patients while their bosses also worried about harming the surgical program.
In meetings in 2016 and 2017, all nine cardiologists
expressed concerns about the program’s performance. The head of the hospital
and other leaders there were alarmed as well, according to the recordings. The
cardiologists – who diagnose and treat heart conditions but don’t perform
surgeries – could not pinpoint what might be going wrong in an intertwined
system involving surgeons, anesthesiologists, intensive care doctors and
support staff. But they discussed everything from inadequate resources to
misgivings about the chief pediatric cardiac surgeon to whether the hospital
was taking on patients it wasn’t equipped to handle. Several doctors began
referring more children elsewhere for surgery.
The heart specialists had been asking to review the
institution’s mortality statistics for cardiac surgery – information that most
other hospitals make public – but said they had not been able to get it for
several years. Last month, after repeated requests from The Times, UNC released
limited data showing that for four years through June 2017, it had a higher
death rate than nearly all of the 82 institutions nationwide that do publicly
report…
The best option, Dr. Kelly said, was to combine UNC’s
surgery program with Duke’s. For years, physicians at both children’s hospitals
talked informally about joining forces, but nothing came of it. They were
“basically destroying each other’s capacity to be great,” Dr. Kelly
said, by running competing programs less than 15 miles apart. But even
combining the programs wasn’t an instant fix: It would take at least a year and
a half, he said…
At a conference last fall, Dr. Backer, the Chicago heart
surgeon, urged fellow surgeons to consider “rational
regionalization,” or joining forces in an effort to reduce mortalities
nationwide for congenital heart defects, potentially saving hundreds of lives.
Reaching adequate case volumes to keep up skills is a
challenge because so many hospitals are competing for patients – surgical
programs are an important driver of revenue. The Orlando, Fla., and San Antonio
metropolitan areas, for example, each have three hospitals doing pediatric
heart surgeries. Cleveland has two about a mile apart. A study last year by Dr.
Backer and other physicians found that 66 percent of hospitals doing the
surgeries were within 25 miles of another one.” (D)
“The situation that the New York Times described in
North Carolina parallels that at Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital in St.
Petersburg, which stopped performing heart surgeries after the Tampa Bay Times
reported on problems in the unit.
A Tampa Bay Times analysis found that the death rate among
pediatric heart surgery patients at All Children’s had tripled from 2015 to
2017…
UNC Health Care only made some of its death rate data public
to the New York Times after numerous requests from the newsroom. The statistics
showed that UNC’s children’s heart surgery program had one of the highest
four-year death rates in the country.
The newspaper said it is suing the health system for more
data.
UNC Health Care told the New York Times that the physicians’
concerns had been handled appropriately.
After the New York Times started reporting, the hospital
ramped up efforts to find a temporary pediatric heart surgeon and reached out
to families whose children had died or had unusual complications to discuss
their cases…
The turmoil at UNC underscores concerns about the quality
and consistency of care provided by dozens of pediatric heart surgery programs
across the country. Each year in the United States about 40,000 babies are born
with heart defects; about 10,000 are likely to need surgery or other procedures
before their first birthday.
The best outcomes for patients with complex heart problems
correlate with hospitals that perform a high volume of surgeries – several
hundred a year – studies show. But a proliferation of the surgery programs has
made it difficult for many institutions, including UNC, to reach those numbers:
The North Carolina hospital does about 100 to 150 a year. Lower numbers can
leave surgeons and staff at some hospitals with insufficient experience and
resources to achieve better results, researchers have found.
“We can do better. And it’s not that hard to do
better,” said Dr. Carl Backer, former president of the Congenital Heart
Surgeons’ Society, who practices at Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago.
“We don’t have to build new hospitals. We don’t have to build new ICUs. We
just need to move patients to more appropriate centers.”
North Carolina Children’s Hospital, part of the University
of North Carolina medical center, performs about 100 to 150 pediatric heart
surgeries a year.
Studies show that the best outcomes for patients with
complex heart problems correlate with hospitals that do a higher volume of
surgeries – several hundred a year.
At least five pediatric heart surgery programs across the
country were suspended or shut down in the last decade after questions were
raised about their performance; a Florida institution run by the prestigious
Johns Hopkins medical system stopped operations after reporting by The Tampa
Bay Times in 2018. At least a half-dozen hospitals have merged their programs
with larger ones to achieve more consistent results. And more institutions are
considering such partnerships.” (E)
“UNC Health declined a CBS 17 request for an interview.
Phil Bridges, UNC Health’s Integrated Communications Executive Director issued
a written statement:
We are proud of our pediatric congenital heart surgery
program, and our current team is receiving top results that would place us
among the best in the nation. We have been engaged in continuous quality
improvement efforts for decades and have made significant improvements in the
past 10+ years.
As the state’s leading public hospital, the UNC Pediatric
Congenital Heart Surgery program often receives the most complex and serious
cases. For many of these very sick children, we are often parents’ last hope.
As we shared with the New York Times, there were team
culture issues back in 2016. They were handled appropriately. That, combined
with decades of continuous quality improvement (CQI) efforts, have led us to
today in which we have a very strong program. For our team, and each family,
even a single death is too many, and we will continue our CQI work.
To characterize today’s program as anything but strong,
would not only be misleading, but not factual. To say we ignored issues would
also be false.” (F)
“First and foremost, we are physicians who have
dedicated our lives to caring for and caring about patients. We celebrate with
families the joys of curing illness; and we are deeply impacted by any death,
particularly that of a young child. We lead our respective areas of surgery and
pediatrics with the mindset of always doing what is right for children and
families. Caring for these children is a privilege. Children and families are
always our top priority. Our mission is to provide the best care for all
children across North Carolina. We and our colleagues live this mission every
day.
Regarding this week’s story from The New York Times
(“Doctors Were Alarmed: Would I have my children have surgery here”):
We are proud of the medical care provided to all patients at UNC Children’s.
They become part of our family, and as providers we wouldn’t hesitate to bring
our own loved ones here for treatment. Any negative outcome or death is taken
incredibly seriously and we strive to constantly look for ways to improve the
care provided.” (G)
“North Carolina’s secretary of health on Friday called
for an investigation into a hospital where doctors had suspected children with
complex heart conditions had been dying at higher than expected rates after
undergoing heart surgery.
Dr. Mandy Cohen, the secretary, said in a statement that a
team from the state’s division of health service regulation would work with
federal regulators to conduct a “thorough investigation” into events
that occurred in 2016 and 2017 at North Carolina Children’s Hospital, part of
the University of North Carolina medical center in Chapel Hill.
“As a mother and a doctor my heart goes out to any
family that loses a child,” Dr. Cohen said in the statement. “Patient
safety, particularly for the most vulnerable children, is paramount.”
The investigation is in response to an article published by
The New York Times on Thursday, which gave a detailed look inside the medical
institution as cardiologists grappled with whether to keep sending their young
patients there for surgery.
The article included discussions among doctors that were
captured on secret audio recordings provided to The Times, in which the
physicians talked openly about their concerns, including that some might not
feel comfortable allowing their own children to have surgery at the hospital.
The physicians also discussed unexpected complications with lower-risk
patients.
While the doctors could not pinpoint what might be going
wrong, they considered everything from inadequate resources to misgivings about
the chief pediatric cardiac surgeon to whether the hospital was taking on
patients it was not equipped to handle.” (H)
The 2018-19 Best Children’s Hospitals Honor Roll (I)
1. Boston Children’s Hospital
2. Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
3. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
4. Texas Children’s Hospital
5. Children’s National Medical Center
6. Children’s Hospital Los Angeles
7. Nationwide Children’s Hospital
8. Johns Hopkins Children’s Center (BALTIMORE)
9. Children’s Hospital Colorado
10. Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago
North Carolina Children’s Hospital at UNC. Pediatric
Cardiology & Heart Surgery Scorecard.
PART 3. Hopkins
All Children’s Hospital/ North Carolina Children’s – pediatric cardiac surgery
debacles.
“Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital has begun
implementing some of the dozens of recommendations from a law firm hired to
identify deficiencies at the hospital and its parent organization, Johns
Hopkins Medicine, in the wake of high death rates in the St. Petersburg
hospital’s pediatric cardiology program…
The recommendations focus on four key areas, said Dr. Kevin
Sowers, president of Johns Hopkins Health System and executive vice president
of Johns Hopkins Medicine.
He outlined those four areas in a video posted online. They
are: strengthen the management and culture at Johns Hopkins All Children’s
Hospital; improve processes for evaluating patient clinical quality and safety;
clarify and streamline the reporting structure between the six Johns Hopkins
Hospitals and the Johns Hopkins Health System; and review the ways in which the
boards of Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital and Johns Hopkins Medicine
should advance their governance responsibilities…
…In the coming weeks, the board of Johns Hopkins Medicine
will appoint a monitor to track and report regularly back to them on the
hospital’s progress.” (A)
“The recommendations for improvement include:
Prioritize a culture of absolute commitment to patient
safety and of raising and addressing problems and concerns, including
throughout the process of hiring and evaluating senior executives
Give physician leaders a stronger voice, create a more
robust check-and-balance on the president
Better educate staff and faculty about JHM’s commitment to
transparency and a culture of “see something, say something” and to improve
channels to submit complaints and provide for independent review
Separate the medical staff office responsibilities from the
patient safety and quality department responsibilities, which previously were
overseen by a single vice president of medical affairs…
In the coming weeks, the board of Johns Hopkins medicine
will appoint an external monitor to track and report back regularly to them on
the hospital’s progress,” he said.
The initial focus will be on the St. Petersburg hospital, a
team will go to the other five hospitals in the network to ensure the changes
are taking place.” (B)
“The review recommended a commitment to patient safety and
said the “see something, say something” culture is a vital part of
that.
The hospital published the report on its website along with
a video of Sowers talking about the results.
“Above all, we must work each and every day to support a
culture in which each of us is supported and empowered to speak up and speak
out,” Sowers said in the video.
He provided a toll free number where employees can
anonymously report any issues: 1-844-SPEAK2US.
“If you have any concern about a patient safety issue,
misconduct, a legal or unethical behavior or anything else, please call the
Johns Hopkins medicine hotline,” Sowers said.
Problems with the hospital’s heart institute did not come to
light until they were reported in the Times. The stories prompted inquiries by
federal and state regulators and led to the resignation of six top officials.”
(C)
“The changes include new checks and balances on the
hospital’s president, more rigorous evaluations for top executives, better
tracking of internal complaints, more thorough vetting of doctors and improved
monitoring of patient safety and quality metrics.
Top executives will now report to both the hospital
president and Johns Hopkins Health System leaders in Baltimore. And officials
in Baltimore will be more involved in hiring, firing and discipline in St.
Petersburg…
System leaders will analyze whether the same steps are
needed at the five other Johns Hopkins hospitals, Sowers said.
Sowers said the firm discovered a culture of “fear of
retaliation and retribution” across the hospital but determined that the
quality and safety issues were limited to the heart unit…
Other recommendations addressed key findings in the Times
report.
One example: The Times reported that procedures started
going wrong after All Children’s became part of the Johns Hopkins network and
hospital leaders made a series of personnel changes within the Heart Institute.
The firm recommended “more strategic planning” when changing
clinical programs and more quality monitoring during transitions, especially
for units that handle complex procedures.
It made the point bluntly: “In making personnel decisions,
consider the effect on team dynamics.”..
As All Children’s carries out the policy changes, it will
also work to address systemic problems flagged by the federal government.
Hospital leaders recently agreed to hire an external consultant to oversee
improvement for 12 months in order to maintain public funding.
Separately, a team of national experts has been working on a
plan to restart the heart surgery program. Sowers said the team had drawn up
recommendations and given them to the board. But he said he did not have a
timeframe for surgeries beginning and that the program would first need to hire
another surgeon.” (D)
“Children’s heart surgery departments across Florida will
soon be subject to more oversight.
Gov. Ron DeSantis signed a bill late Tuesday that will let
physician experts visit struggling programs and make recommendations for
improvement…
The bill signed into law Tuesday makes significant changes.
It lets a committee called the Pediatric Cardiac Technical
Advisory Panel appoint physician experts to visit Florida’s 10 children’s heart
surgery programs. They will be able to examine surgical results, review death
reports, inspect the facilities and interview employees.
Dr. David Nykanen, the chairman of the advisory panel and a
pediatric cardiologist at Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children in Orlando,
called site visits “crucially important,” especially when departments are
having problems.
He said visits could start within the next six months…
The hospital has not yet resumed heart surgeries. The
results of a review commissioned by the Johns Hopkins Medicine board are
expected soon.” (E)
“A state regulatory process that limited the number of
hospitals and some specialty services like transplant programs are going away
on July 1.
Despite attempts by two hospitals, Central Florida doesn’t
have a pediatric heart transplant program. But that could change in the coming
years because a state regulatory process that limited the number of hospitals
and some specialty services like transplants is going away on July 1.
For nearly five decades, the program known as certificate of
need has required hospitals to get authorization from the state before building
new facilities or offering new or expanded services — a complicated process
that’s costly, includes reams of paperwork and potential challenges from
competitors, and can take months or years…
Starting July 1, general hospitals are no longer required to
obtain a certificate of need to build a facility or to start services such as
pediatric and adult open heart surgery, organ transplant programs, neonatal
intensive care units and rehab programs…
The second part of the bill goes into effect on July 1,
2021, when the certificate of need requirement will be eliminated for certain
specialty hospitals such as children’s and women’s hospitals, rehab hospitals,
psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals and hospitals that offer intensive
residential treatment services for children.” (F)
“It’s unclear how long a state health department team will
take to investigate questions raised in The New York Times about pediatric
heart surgeries performed at the North Carolina Children’s Hospital in Chapel
Hill.
State regulators were at the UNC Medical Center on Monday as
part of an inquiry launched last week by Mandy Cohen, secretary of the state
Department of Health and Human Services…
Cohen announced late last week that she had assembled a team
from the state Division of Health Service Regulation, which licenses and
oversees health care facilities, to “conduct a thorough investigation into
these events.” They are coordinating with the U.S. Centers for Medicare &
Medicaid Services, a federal oversight agency…
Kelly Haight Connor, a spokeswoman for the state health
department, said Monday it’s difficult to know how long an investigation will
take. In other DHHS investigations, a team often interviews a range of people,
from caregivers, staff and those in their care.
Wesley Burks, CEO of UNC Health Care since December 2018 and
dean of the UNC School of Medicine, sent a five-paragraph email to staff on May
30 at 10:16 a.m. and attached the Times’ article he described as “critical of
UNC Medical Center’s pediatric congenital heart surgery program.”
“While this program
faced culture challenges in the 2016-2017 timeframe, we believe the Times’
criticism is overstated and does not consider the quality improvements we’ve
made within this program over many years,” Burks wrote in the email. “As the
State’s leading public hospital, UNC Medical Center often gets the most complex
and serious cases in its pediatric congenital heart program. For many of these
very sick children, we are often parents’ last hope…
On Monday, UNC Health Care spokesman Phil Bridges released a
“timeline of Continuous Quality Improvement within the program over the past 10
years.”
The timeline mentions a four-month period from June to
September in 2016 in which “concerns and allegations against specific
individuals in the Congenital Heart Program” were “independently investigated
and reviewed” by the dean’s office and the chief medical officer.
“Allegations of misconduct and concerns determined to be
unfounded,” the document states, adding “allegations against specific
individuals and results of the investigations constitute personnel records,
which may not be disclosed,” citing public records law.
An ongoing initiative, according to the document, calls for
a Department of Pediatrics review after every death in the Pediatric Intensive
Care Unit, including pediatric cardiac patients, to assess the care provided
and evaluate any opportunities for improvement.” (G)
“UNC Health Care officials announced Monday they are halting
the most complex pediatric heart surgeries following a report that raised
serious safety concerns over a number of child deaths at UNC Children’s
Hospital…
Officials from UNC HealthCare said in a statement they plan
to create an advisory board of external medical experts and “pause the
most complex heart surgeries” until that board and regulatory agencies
review the program.
The external advisory board, which is expected to have
members from the University of Southern California, the University of Michigan,
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and Nationwide Children’s Hospital,
will examine the efficacy of the UNC Children’s Hospital pediatric heart
surgery program and make recommendations for improvement. The group will report
to the UNC Health Care Board of Directors.
UNC Healthcare officials said they are also developing a new
structure to support internal hospital reporting and plan to publicly release
Society for Thoracic Surgeons’ (STS) patient outcome data, make a $10 million
investment in new technology and bring in new specialists as part of their
efforts to “restore confidence” in its pediatric heart program.
“Our pediatric heart program cares for very sick children
with incredibly complex medical problems, and our clinical team works
tirelessly to help those patients return to normal, healthy and productive
lives,” Wesley Burks, M.D., CEO of UNC Health Care said in a statement. “We
grieve with families anytime there is a negative outcome and we constantly push
to learn from those tragic instances.
UNC Health Care’s board also endorsed the creation of a
pediatric heart surgery family advisory council to provide a voice for
patients, family members and staff directly to hospital leadership…
Most recently, Johns Hopkins’ All Children’s Hospital came
under fire for increasing mortality rates among heart surgery patients at the
259-bed hospital following a Tampa Bay Times investigation. Top leaders of that
hospital ultimately resigned and Johns Hopkins’ board also said it commissioned
an external review to examine the heart surgery program.
In 2015, St. Mary’s Medical Center in Florida closed it’s
pediatric heart surgery program after a CNN investigation revealed it had a
mortality rate of more than three times the national average. In 2009,
Massachusetts General Hospital suspended its pediatric surgery program in the
wake of surgical errors.” (H)
“The actions are in response to a New York Times
investigation last month into the medical institution, where cardiologists,
department leaders and even the former head of the children’s hospital
expressed concerns about patients faring poorly after heart surgery there.
Secret audio recordings provided to The Times captured doctors talking openly,
some even saying they might not feel comfortable allowing their own children to
have surgery at the hospital.
The Times sued for the program’s mortality data and was
still in a yearlong legal battle to obtain it when UNC Health Care released
previously undisclosed statistics on Monday. The data shows that the mortality
rate for heart surgery patients continued to rise after doctors warned
administrators several years ago of possible problems.
The data, for four years through December 2018, showed that
the hospital’s mortality rate for pediatric heart surgery was higher than those
of most of the 82 hospitals in the United States that publicly report such
data. The death rate at the North Carolina hospital was especially high among
children with the most complex heart conditions — nearly 50 percent, the data
shows. Those are the types of cases that some doctors had urged the hospital to
temporarily stop handling in 2016 and 2017.
UNC administrators previously denied that there were any
problems affecting patient care in the heart surgery program, saying only that
there had been difficult team dynamics at the time of the doctors’ warnings,
and that they had since been resolved by staffing and leadership changes.
Concerns about the quality of pediatric heart surgery
programs have been noted at hospitals across the country. At least five
programs were suspended or shut down in the last decade after questions were
raised about their performance. At least a half-dozen hospitals have merged
their programs with larger ones to achieve more consistent results. And more
institutions are considering such partnerships.
After the Times article was published, the North Carolina
secretary of health opened an investigation into the children’s hospital. In
addition to an on-site investigation that finished on Friday after more than
two weeks, state regulators have reached out to former UNC medical staff,
asking to meet and interview them about concerns they had while employed there.
A spokeswoman for the state health department said it would
submit a report to federal regulators from The Centers for Medicare &
Medicaid Services within 10 business days.
In the statistics released on Monday, UNC Health Care
included for the first time the hospital’s risk-adjusted data. Risk-adjustment
helps account for prematurity, some genetic abnormalities and other factors
that could make a child less likely to survive, and to more fairly assess
hospitals that take on the most compromised patients. The statistical method
also helps evaluate if hospitals are losing patients who wouldn’t be expected
to die.
The health system first told The Times it was “critically
important” to use risk-adjusted data, but then later released only raw,
unadjusted numbers. The hospital subsequently said that no current risk
adjustment adequately accounted for the breadth and severity of its patients’
medical issues.
The hospital’s overall mortality rate for pediatric heart
surgery in the four years ending in 2018 was 5.4 percent, compared with a
national average of 2.8 percent. The hospital’s risk-adjusted mortality rate
was 5.6 percent…” (I)
“UNC Children’s Hospital should merge its pediatric heart
surgery program with the same work being done at Duke Health’s Children’s
Hospital, just 10 miles away. A common program would greatly enhance the
treatment of children and babies in need of complex heart surgery.
As it is, UNC Children’s does 100 to 150 pediatric heart surgeries
a year, a rate considered low volume. That makes it harder to recruit and
retain surgeons and limits surgeons ability to hone their skills. It also makes
it harder to maintain the other parts of the program, cardiologists,
anesthesiologists and staff for a pediatric heart intensive care unit.
East Carolina University’s hospital faced similar challenges
as it provided pediatric heart surgery at a low-volume level of 50 to 75
surgeries a year. Eighteen months ago, ECU started sending all its pediatric
heart surgery patients to Duke. The change helped boost Duke’s volume to where
it has done more than 800 surgeries in 18 months. During the same period, Duke
has posted a 1 percent mortality rate, despite a caseload in which a third of
the operations are high risk.
Unfortunately, UNC Children’s Hospital appears uninterested
in combining resources despite overtures from Duke. In a statement Thursday,
the hospital said, “While there have been discussions with Duke Health over the
years about ways to collaborate across various pediatric specialties, there are
no plans to combine our programs. Patients in this region benefit from having
two world-class medical institutions located so close together. Our clinicians
frequently collaborate with colleagues at Duke. We sometimes transfer patients
to them and vice versa.
UNC Children’s would prefer to run its own pediatric heart
surgery program as a matter of institutional pride and money — the most complex
operations can cost a half-million dollars. But pride and money aren’t — or
shouldn’t be — the primary concerns. What matters most is how to get the best
care for children in this highly specialized and high-stakes area of medicine.
To do that, North Carolina’s best hospitals should combine their resources and
expertise.” (J)
“Two Triangle hospitals showed up on the list of Best
Children’s Hospitals from U.S. News & World Report released on June 18.
The report broke out 10 different pediatric specialties and
ranked the top 50 hospitals in each. Duke Children’s Hospital & Health
Center and the North Carolina Children’s Hospital at UNC were the lone Triangle
representatives that ranked in the top 50 in any of the categories…
The only pediatric category where a Triangle hospital did
not appear in the top 50 was cardiology & heart surgery.” (K)
U.S. News & World Report ranked Johns Hopkins All
Children’s Hospital No. 44 out of 50 on the 2019-20 Best Children’s Hospitals
list for the two programs.
“Our cancer and pulmonology specialists care for some
of the region’s most medically complex children, and we are grateful for this
recognition of their hard work,” interim hospital president Tom Kmetz said in
the hospital’s blog.
The hospital received an overall score of 73.3 out of 100.”
(L)
Johns Hopkins Children’s Center ranked ninth overall and No.
1 in Maryland in U.S. News & World Report’s annual list of the top-ranked
children’s hospitals in the United States, which was released earlier today.
The Children’s Center also earned a spot on the U.S. News
Best Children’s Hospitals Honor Roll, a list of the 10 pediatric hospitals with
the highest point totals in the survey. This marks the Children’s Center’s
eighth appearance since the Honor Roll was established 11 years ago…
Founded in 1912 as the Children’s Hospital at Johns Hopkins,
the Children’s Center offers one of the nation’s most comprehensive pediatric
medical programs, with almost 110,000 patient visits and nearly 9,000
admissions each year. With 295 beds, it is Maryland’s largest children’s
hospital and is the only state-designated trauma service and burn unit for
pediatric patients. Since 2012, the Charlotte R. Bloomberg Children’s Center
Building has been its home.” (M)
Typically, with complex medical procedures, outcomes are
strongly correlated with volume. That means that if a program does more
procedures, it has more expertise, the healthcare team has more experience
working together — and as a result, patients have better results. Larger
programs often have better equipment and more personnel. Sadly, the pediatric
surgery program at North Carolina Children’s Hospital was a low-volume center…
Powerful forces stand in opposition to the closure of
low-volume centers. Low-volume centers are attractive because they are
geographically convenient; patients do not have to travel long distances for
their care. Some insurance coverage is regionally-restricted, and families
without resources are unable to access high-volume centers. Low-volume centers
are often staffed by entrepreneurial physicians who don’t want restrictions on
their right to practice medicine. And their goals are often closely aligned
with those of local political officials, who would like to imagine that
low-volume programs can replicate the results at large medical centers. Perhaps
most importantly, hospital administrators at low-volume centers do not wish to
see their revenues slashed — and their leadership positions eliminated.
So the problem of decentralized medicine and low-volume
centers is getting worse, not better. To an increasing degree, a larger and
larger proportion of specialized procedures in the United States are being done
at low-volume centers…” (N)
“One in four hospitals that participate in The Leapfrog
Group’s annual patient safety grades survey do not meet the national healthcare
quality group’s standard for handling serious reportable events that should
never happen to a patient.
Leapfrog’s 2019 Never Events Report is based on findings
from its 2018 Leapfrog Hospital Survey with data voluntarily submitted by more
than 2,000 U.S. hospitals. It is aimed at highlighting official hospital
policies for responding to the 29 serious reportable events as identified by
the National Quality Forum as never events.
Those events include errors and accidents that hospitals
should always prevent, such as surgery on the wrong body part, foreign objects
left in the body after surgery or death from a medication error…
The Leapfrog standard for hospital policies includes steps
such as offering an apology to the patient, not charging for the event,
conducting a comprehensive root cause analysis, reporting the event to
appropriate officials and implementing a protocol to care for the caregivers
involved.
“Patients and payors alike expect that 100% of
hospitals will adhere to these basic principles, but unfortunately, we are not
seeing that yet, with only 75% of reporting hospitals meeting Leapfrog’s
standard,” Leah Binder, president and CEO of The Leapfrog Group, said in a
statement.”..
In the report, released with the Johns Hopkins Armstrong
Institute for Patient Safety and Quality, officials estimated that 160,000
people died from avoidable medical errors in 2018.” (O)
“Affiliation with a top-ranked cancer hospital appeared to
offer no robust advantage for complex cancer surgery, a new study found…
“A favorable mix of hospital characteristics associated
with safety at affiliate hospitals appeared to contribute to this mortality
advantage,” they wrote in JAMA Oncology. “Thus, affiliate status
appears to be a marker, but not a robust, independent predictor of favorable
outcomes.”
For their study, the group examined cancer surgery outcomes
at 338 hospitals affiliated with a top-50 cancer hospital and 2,729 hospitals
that were not.
“This study helps to further our understanding of
patient safety after major cancer surgery at hospitals affiliated with
top-ranked cancer centers,” Lesly Dossett, MD, MPH, of the division of
surgical oncology at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, told MedPage
Today.
Dossett, who was not involved in the study, pointed to the
important fact that the researchers compared outcomes at non-affiliated
hospitals with the affiliates of top hospitals, rather than the flagship
hospitals themselves.
“While the study does show that outcomes at affiliated
centers are better than at non-affiliated centers, these differences are
explained by other hospital characteristics known to be associated with patient
safety,” Dossett said. “In the end, the study suggests that top-ranked
hospitals selectively affiliate with safer hospitals, rather than having an
independent effect on their outcomes.” (P)
“Rochester, Minn.-based Mayo Clinic has added Saudi German
Hospital Cairo in Egypt to the Mayo Clinic Care Network, a select group of
independent health systems that have access to Mayo Clinic’s knowledge and
medical expertise.” (Q)
“The announcement Thursday that Jewish Hospital would
suspend its heart transplant program was a blow to an institution that once led
the nation as an esteemed leader in heart care and innovative medical
procedures.
The decision directly affects 32 people on the hospital’s
waiting list for new hearts. Once the program is halted next month, officials
at Jewish Hospital are expected to help them transition to other transplant
programs — and there’s only one other program for adults in the state at the
University of Kentucky.
Jewish’s president Dr. Ronald Waldridge told staff on
Thursday morning that patients who’ve already had transplants at the downtown
Louisville hospital would continue to receive care, and that those who are
awaiting the procedure would get help transitioning to another program.
“Though our heart transplant program will not be able
to perform transplants or take new physician referrals, we will continue to
provide physician coverage to manage care of our current heart transplant
program patients,” Waldridge wrote, adding that as volumes of available
hearts dropped, Jewish also lost heart transplant cardiologists…
KentuckyOne officials said Thursday that Jewish was in
danger of falling out of compliance with federal regulations after its
transplant numbers fell far short of required minimums — with just one
procedure so far this year.
They blamed the drop on new rules that revised how donated
organs are allocated nationwide and, as a result, delivered fewer hearts to
Jewish starting last October.” (R)
From the Johns Hopkins Medicine Armstrong Institute for
Patient Safety and Quality:
“If there was a wonder drug to save the lives of infants with
serious heart abnormalities, doctors would be sure to prescribe it. Parents
would insist that their children get it. The company that invented it would get
rich.
But there already is something that can have as dramatic an
impact on these young lives as a blockbuster pill: having complex heart surgery
performed in a high-volume hospital.
Surgical volume — the number of certain procedures that a
hospital performs each year — has far greater impact on whether these patients,
most of whom are infants or children, survive than infection rates,
readmissions or other publicly reported measures. As U.S. News’ Steve Sternberg
reported, the risk of dying was 26 percent lower if a complex congenital heart
operation was performed at a high-volume hospital rather than at low- and
medium-volume hospitals. Yet, few parents know to ask about volumes, let alone
know how to find and evaluate the data.” (S)
“The American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) named Johns
Hopkins All Children’s Hospital as a Magnet® designated hospital today. The
recognition is considered the highest nursing honor a hospital can receive.
There are only 498 Magnet hospitals across the world and fewer than eight
percent of U.S. hospitals have received the designation.” (T)
“I will be very soon introducing legislation in the
Senate to establish a $20 billion emergency trust fund to help states and local
communities purchase hospitals that are in financial distress,” Sanders
said. “In my view, any time a hospital is put up for sale in America, the
local community or the state must have the right to buy it first with emergency
financial assistance.”
ASSIGNMENT: After reading about Hoboken, N.J., find and
critique other NFP to local government ownership hospital conversions and local
public hospitals on the edge of sustainability.
PART 3. April 23, 2019. San Francisco General, a public
hospital with San Francisco’s only trauma center, all commercial insurance is
“out-of-network.”
Here’s what happened when the town of Hoboken, New Jersey
“bought” a failing NFP hospital.
January 8, 1863
This facility was founded as St. Mary Hospital, which was
opened on the 8 January 1863 in Hoboken as a community hospital by the Poor
Sisters of St. Francis, a religious congregation founded in 1845 in Germany.
The hospital was opened during the American Civil War as a
location to treat the returning wounded and was the second hospital ever to
open in the State of New Jersey.
December 13, 2006
When the owner, the Bon Secours Health Care System, a
Maryland company run by an order of Roman Catholic nuns, announced this spring
that it planned to close the hospital, city officials, including the mayor,
David Roberts, state legislators and the governor’s office pieced together an
unusual plan to keep it afloat by having the city take it over and pumping in
an infusion of public funds (with the City guaranteeing $52 million in bonds)
January 29, 2007
Bon Secours Health System put another struggling operation
on the block last week.
The planned sale of its Michigan operations is the latest
move in Bon Secours’ bid to improve finances and operations through divestiture
after the system’s expansion earlier in the decade (Feb. 14, 2005, p. 6). Since
2004, Bon Secours has sold or announced plans to sell operations in Florida,
New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Virginia, divestitures that boosted its cash by
$70 million and cut its debt load by $192 million, according to Moody’s
Investors Service.
Bon Secours agreed to sell its last New Jersey healthcare
facility, 313-bed St. Mary Hospital in Hoboken to the Hoboken Hospital
Authority in a deal expected to close by Jan. 31.
February 7, 2007
In a ceremonial handing over of keys today, the ownership of
St. Mary Hospital in Hoboken was transferred from the private Bon Secours New
Jersey Health System (BSNJHS) to the City of Hoboken. To reflect a new
beginning for the 144-year-old hospital, it was given a new name: Hoboken University Medical Center
April, 2007
The hospital was acquired debt-free and the agreement
provided for a $13 million cash payment from Bon Secours. Concurrent with the
agreement’s negotiations, the Hoboken Municipal Hospital Authority worked
toward the issuance of two series of bonds totaling $51,635,000. The bonds were
guaranteed by the City of Hoboken and sold in February after the asset transfer
agreement was executed.
But residents here who are skeptical of the proposal say it
is also missing other important pieces of information. Among their concerns are
these:
¶How will Hoboken pay off the bonds if the hospital fails
and the city’s real estate market continues to soften?
¶How will the city fill the hospital’s budget gap if the
anticipated federal aid does not materialize?
¶Who will cover the high pension and severance costs if the
hospital has to be closed…?
Governance/ Management Structure:
Hoboken Municipal Hospital Authority (HMHA) – the Governing
Board
Hudson Healthcare Inc. (HHI) – legislatively mandated NFP
management company
Hoboken University Medical Center (the Hospital)
July, 23, 2009
Hoboken Mayor Peter Cammarano has been arrested by the FBI
as part of a wide-reaching investigation that is swooping up dozens of people,
including other politicians and rabbis, according the WNBC-TV, Hudson County
Now is reporting.
July 31, 2009
HOBOKEN — Hoboken has an acting mayor.
City Council President Dawn Zimmer was sworn in Friday after
Peter Cammarano III resigned in the wake of federal corruption charges.
September 2009
New Mayor (Mayor Zimmer) inherited..
Licensed for 364 beds; operating 150 ; Average Daily Census
of 125; with appropriate Average Length of Stay ADS would be about 100
$52 million dollar City bond guarantee with $10 million
already converted to taxable bonds and squandered on operations
$23 million operating loss in 2008 but hidden in delayed
certified audit until September of 2009
The Hoboken Hospital Authority Board had abdicated its
oversight responsibility to the legislatively-required Management Company and
the CEO was making $800,000 a year.
$52 million dollar City bond guarantee with $10 million
already converted to taxable bonds and squandered on operations
$23 million operating loss in 2008 but hidden in delayed
certified audit until September of 2009
The Hoboken Hospital Authority Board had abdicated its
oversight responsibility to the legislatively-required Management Company and
the CEO was making $800,000 a year.
Finance Committee does not keep minutes.
Quality Committee is chaired by a practicing M.D. Commissioner
who gets referrals from other physicians (really a “Hospital” Committee not an
“Authority” Committee) – using out-of-date metrics
The HMHA Board does not get the Management Company Audit and
there seem to be no Management Company Committee Board and/ or Committee
minutes
The Authority “reports” to the Management Company! (ratifies
everything it is asked to ratify)
September, 2009
The Ordinance establishing the Hoboken Municipal Hospital
Authority names the Mayor as the Class I ex officio Authority member and
permits the Mayor to name a designee.
I am appointing Jonathan M. Metsch, Dr.P.H., as the Mayor’s
designee to the Authority, effective immediately.
I have instructed Dr Metsch to focus on my immediate
expectations for the Hospital Authority, which are:
– Complete transparency on financial results using generally
accepted hospital industry accounting standards, without any annual city
subsidy.
– Ability to services the $50 million+ in city guaranteed
bonds using these funds for capital projects only, and not for recurring
operating expenses.
– Designation by the State of New Jersey as an Essential
Safety-Net Hospital.
– High scores on external evidenced-based hospital quality
Report Cards and patient satisfaction surveys.
– A strategic plan developed with strong community input to
identify the appropriate scope of clinical programs.
– Ongoing successful recruitment of new members to the
medical staff, and
– Increasing use of the hospital by Hoboken residents.
The new “mantra”
“City ownership was always meant to be a ‘bridging’
strategy, not a permanent remedy.”
Mayor’s Zimmer’s Corrective Action Plan
Appointed 5 new Authority Boards members
– a former hospital
system CEO
– an EVP compliance/
regulatory lawyer at a major investment bank
– a University of
Chicago finance MBA with bond underwriting experience
– a Managing Director
of a Health Care Investment Banking firm
– and a respected
City Hall “watchdog
then elected a new
Chairman. All new members live and own property in Hoboken!
The Finance Committee was the only Board Committee and did
not keep minutes. Added an Audit & Compliance Committee and a Strategic
Planning and Government Affairs Committee.
The Board had been refused access to the Management
Company’s annual certified audit. The Management Company and Hospital Authority
audits are now done together by the same firm under the supervision of the new
Finance Committee chairperson.
Suspended further approvals of major capital projects to
conserve the remaining $9,000,000 of capital funds, until projects are properly
analyzed and approved or perhaps to pay down the bond principal to reduce the
City’s guarantee obligations.
Financial Uncertainties (with virtually no “cash on hand”)
1. ’09 audit result
of $15 million loss is the same as ‘08 (after $9 million ’08 revenue adjustment
is taken out)
2. Charity Care
funding needs to keep pace with Charity Care volume (and still pays less than
70 cents on the dollar compared to costs)
3. Hospital Relief
Fund money has to be actually awarded to the Hospital by the State
4. Proposed Medicare
cuts ($800,000 impact) need not to happen
5. Hospital
Stabilization Fund money of at least $5,000,000 needs to be granted
6. DSH needs to be
in the State budget to get the federal match
7. Better managed
care rates need to be negotiated but this is unlikely until current contracts
expire
8. Additional volume
from ER needs to have positive impact on payer mix (more private admissions)
and higher acuity, combined with much lower length-of-stay on all admissions
9. Good results from
Medicare and Medicaid audits (no take-backs)
10. Challenge to meet payroll and payroll taxes when
negative cash flow occurs several times in current sixteen week cash flow
projection
11. State could cut
Medicaid rates in final ’10 budget negotiations
12. Navigant Report
about hospital needs in Hudson County to be neutral
13. No big surprises
from PWC operational audit
14. Vendor
“payment plans” could become strangulating ($25 million in AP issue
must be resolved)
15. Viable
contingency plans that can be implemented immediately in $5 million chunks
16. Inappropriate
co-mingling of funds and use of one-time money for operations must be avoided
17. Union
negotiations cannot increase deficit
Administration’s Hospital Goals
A. Ensuring that Hoboken University Medical
Center (HUMC) remains open as a full service, acute care hospital providing
access to quality medical care for all Hoboken residents
B. Respecting the commitment of the Hospital’s
medical staff to the Hospital over the recent challenging years
C. Maintaining the 1000 jobs of our valued
hospital staff
D. Addressing the Commissioner of Health and
Senior Services regionalization objectives of reducing excess capacity and
Hudson County hospitals’ reliance on extraordinary State financial subsidies
E. Relieving the City of Hoboken from the
financial obligation of the bond guarantee.
Governor-elect Christie transition team report –
“On December 22, 2009, the Corzine Administration
announced $40 million in Health Care Stabilization awards to 9 hospitals,”
the memo says.” … at least one hospital, Hoboken University Medical
Center, will close in the next few months even given this grant funding. We
view this as a misuse of limited state resources for health care
stabilization.”
July 30, 2010
In another step toward privatization, the Hoboken Municipal
Hospital Authority unanimously approved a Request for Proposal Wednesday night
to solicit plans for the potential transfer of the hospital from city
sponsorship, the mayor’s office said.
“Mayor Zimmer inherited a complex set of legacy hospital
issues and has aggressively addressed them,” said Authority Chairperson Toni
Tomarazzo in a press release. “The Mayor developed a consensus around
privatization as a shared vision for maintaining access to hospital care, and
making quality metrics as important as financial performance.”
RFP requirements:
A party interested in acquiring the Hospital must provide
the Authority with a written proposal (“Proposal”) which includes the
following:
A. Proposed use of the Hospital facilities, including level
of service;
B. Proposed transaction structure, including price and form
of payment;
C. Proposed distribution or allocation of funds;
D. Proposed liabilities to be assumed by acquirer;
E. Planned capital investment programs;
F. Required financing for the proposed transaction;
G. Status of financing;
H. Identity of acquirer;
I. Prior health care experience of principals;
J. Proposed capital structure of acquirer;
K. Prior acquisitions or investments in the health care
industry;
L. Time table for due diligence, execution of a letter of
intent, and execution of an asset purchase agreement;
M. Conditions to completion of transaction, required
approvals and permits; and
N. Identity of financial advisor and legal counsel for
acquirer.
August, 2010
1. In every
administration there is a DHSS “liaison” with the Governor’s Office. That is
probably Deputy Commissioner O’Dowd. Assistant Commissioner Conroy’s role seems
to be expanding; he reports to DC O’Dowd
2. Deputy
Commissioner (Dr.) Susan Walsh is on the Public Health side so it is a little
surprising to see her involved with the Navigant Project. COS Gabrielle Charette handles some policy
issues and has the Commissioner’s ear
3. Might
be good just to assume that “O’Dowd, Walsh and Charette comprise the
Commissioner’s Policy Team. Typically O’Dowd’s slot is the #2 even though Walsh
has the same DC title
4. Other key health
policy “front office” players we need to get to know:
A. Wayne Hasenbalg,
Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy and Planning.
B. Robert
Schwaneberg, (health) Policy Advisor – reports to Wayne Hasenbalg
C. Lou Getting,
Cabinet Secretary – formerly VP, Administration at UMDNJ
D. Claudia Marchese,
Assistant Counsel – deals with health care legislation
E. Deputy Attorney
General Jay A. Ganzman – handles NFPs in AG’s office (e.g., Meadowlands’ sale)
F. State Health
Planning Board – Ms. Judy O’Leary Donlen RN
(reviews CN for “change of ownership)
G Mark Hopkins is
likely to be replaced as head of HCFFA when they get around to it. Steve
Fillebrown, now the #2, provides continuity and has been there at least 20
years
H. DCA Commissioner
Lori Grifa & Marc Pfeiffer, Division of Local Government Services
I. Lt Governor’s role in economic development??
October 8, 2010
Mayor Z –
“Deals” get done when key critical elements are in
alignment – when there is a “window of opportunity”
Right now we have this alignment for selling the
hospital, on or close to our goals and terms. Here’s why:
– You have made excellent appointments to the Hospital
Authority Board. The Authority has taken back its authority from the
Management Company.
– Your relationship with the Governor, and our
relationship with the Department of Health are very good.
– A new round of hospital mergers has started (Newton
joining Atlantic; SOCH and Bayshore joining Meridian….. probably
more to follow)
– For-Profits are welcome now in NJ (e.g. Bayonne,
Meadowlands, Hackensack/Pascack) giving us a broader spectrum of
possible “buyers”
– Jersey City Medical Center is no longer a major
teaching hospital, rather it is now a large community hospital with a a few
important regional services (trauma, cardiac surgery)
– Christ Hospital is struggling now more than H.U.M.C.
(admissions are way down and doctors are leaving)
– “Buyers” see 30 million Americans getting
insurance
Windows” close and here’s what could happen to us –
– “Time is our greatest enemy” and moving too
slowly may cause interested parties to drop out (as they focus on other
opportunities, or their financing expires)
– Christ could do a deal before we do or be
force merged into Jersey City Medical Center by the State
– We fail to produce a timely 2090 Audited
Financial Statement and potential buyers cannot finish their due diligence
– The State stops giving the hospital cash advances and
it misses a payroll
– The Navigant Report could be made public – word
is it calls for closing Christ or Hoboken
– The Management Company has a Trenton lobbyist, we
don’t – they know more than we do
So we need to move thoughtfully, with transparency, and
quickly –
– There can be no confusion that the Authority owns the
hospital and is the seller
– The Management Company’s role in the sale must be clearly
defined by the Authority, in writing (and monitored)
– We need to talk directly to the medical staff
leadership, e.g. pick the right physicians for the RFP
Committee
April 21, 2011
After months of private negotiations the Hoboken Municipal
Hospital Authority unanimously approved a contract with HUMC Holdco LLC on
Wednesday night, to sell the Hoboken University Medical Center for $90 million.
The proposed sale would relieve the city of its nearly $52
million bond obligation on the hospital.
Why?
“Re-Privatizing” the Hospital will bring it
stability, access to capital, and the ability to compete in the hospital
marketplace without dependency on state subsidies and cash advances.
It will also relieve the City of the bond guarantee, freeing
up bond capacity for other necessary and immediate infrastructure
improvements.
This Essential Safety-Net Hospital management transformation
initiative – hospital sustainability through privatization – will be a
“self-sufficiency” model for replication elsewhere in New Jersey.
Summary of APA between Authority, as Seller, and HUMC
Holdco, as Purchaser
The Authority is selling the assets of HUMC.
The Purchaser is paying for the assets by:
(a) assuming post-closing obligations under certain
contracts and assuming Medicare and Medicaid obligations,
(b) defeasing the bonds guaranteed by the City of Hoboken,
(c) paying $2 million to be used to settle claims of
unsecured creditors,
(d) paying $8 million for HUMC’s accounts receivable,
(e) paying up to $4 million for tail insurance,
(f) paying up to $2.5 million for pension withdrawal
liabilities related to the two union pension funds, and
(g) paying the Authority 50% of the EMR funds, up to $1.9
million, received after the closing.
Purchaser will
(a) offer employment to no less than 75% of the employees
and will assume 75% of the outstanding amount of accrued vacation and sick
time, and
(b) assume 80% of the accrued vacation and sick time of
senior management and 80% of the severance payments related to senior
management up to a cap of $677,000.
Purchaser will not assume any pension obligations.
In order for the sale to close:
(a) Purchaser must obtain a certificate of need (the
application has been filed),
(b) Seller must obtain the settlement and release of at
least 90% of the aggregate dollar amount of all unsecured creditors’ claims,
and (c) the Hoboken Parking Utility must enter into a new parking agreement
with the Purchaser
Seller agrees to use its best efforts and assist Purchaser:
to obtain a property tax abatement, payment in lieu of
taxes, reduced assessment or similar arrangement
to have the entity that is the Public Service Dispatch Point
for 911 calls in Hoboken be the Purchaser
to obtain a transit hub tax credit
to receive DSH payments after the closing.
(No liability will result to Seller if Purchaser is unable
to obtain any of these items)
Purchaser will not seek indemnification from the City of
Hoboken.
Purchaser agrees:
to continue to operate the Hospital as a general acute care
facility and to maintain the clinics operated by the Hospital for at least 7
years
that it may make available, in its discretion, up to $20.9
million for working capital and capital expenditures for the Hospital
to use its commercially reasonable best efforts to negotiate
in-network hospital agreements with various health insurers, including Horizon
Blue Cross
to negotiate in good faith to enter into agreements prior to
closing with the City of Hoboken, the Hoboken Board of Education, the Hoboken
Housing Authority and HUMC so that the employees will be able to use HUMC as
though it were in-network
to negotiate in good faith with existing unions at the
Hospital
The significance of this plan
“Re-Privatizing” the Hospital will bring it
stability, access to capital, and the ability to compete in the hospital
marketplace without dependency on state subsidies and cash advances.
It will also relieve the City of the bond guarantee, freeing
up bond capacity for other necessary and immediate infrastructure
improvements.
This Essential Safety-Net Hospital management transformation
initiative – hospital sustainability through privatization – will be a
“self-sufficiency” model for replication elsewhere in New Jersey.
June 26, 2011
‘If this sale doesn’t go through…the hospital will close.’
– Mayor Dawn Zimmer
“Hoboken University Medical Center is bleeding money
and if this sale to HUMC Holdco (Bayonne) does not go through, the hospital
will close,” Zimmer said. “We will lose our hospital and the vital
services it provides our community, and the taxpayers will be obligated for a
$52 million bond guarantee. For this reason, the sale to [HUMC Holdco] is
crucial to saving our hospital and protecting our taxpayers.”
July 5, 2011
Hoboken University Medical Center stands to lose $11 million
in federal funding under Gov. Chris Christie’s 2012 budget.
The State of New Jersey will cut the federal matching funds it allots the
Medical Center, according to the State’s budget summary.
Once government owned, the summary cites the facility’s sale to a
non-government agency — which no longer makes them eligible for the funds —
as a reason for its discontinuing the aid.
July 12, 2011
Will hospital cancel insurance contracts?
Public documents provided to The Reporter reveal that the new buyers do not
plan to keep any existing insurance contracts, as they are negotiating with
insurance companies for new rates.
Some observers have been concerned because when Holdco took over Bayonne’s
hospital, they canceled the hospital’s contracts with various insurance
companies in order to negotiate better reimbursement rates. That caused some
customers to have to pay out-of-network fees.
The potential owners have responded, “HUMC Opco, LLC has no intentions of
assuming any of the existing managed care agreements. Their reimbursement rates
are below industry standards and are not adequate to sustain the operations at
HUMC.”
July, 29, 2011
State department staff tells state Health Planning Board to
recommend sale of Hoboken’s hospital
A staff report from the Department of Health and Senior
Services has recommended to the state Health Planning Board that they endorse
the sale of Hoboken University Medical Center to HUMC Holdco, the same group
that owns Bayonne Medical Center.
For the first year of ownership, the new owners would also be required to
assume the contracts of the current Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO) and
insurance contracts, according to the staff report.
The owners have said in their questions with the state that
they wish to negotiate new contracts with insurance companies when they take
over the hospital.
Buyer says proposed “stand-still” condition is a
deal-breaker!
August 4, 2011
State Health Planning Board approves sale of Hoboken
University Medical Center
The state Health Planning Board voted unanimously today in Trenton to approve
the sale of Hoboken University Medical Center to HUMC Holdco, a company whose
principals also own the Bayonne Medical Center.
Health Commissioner Mary O’Dowd, however, must approve the
sale before it becomes official.
Staff Proposed Condition is deleted: For the first year of
ownership, the new owners would also be required to assume the contracts of the
current Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO) and insurance contracts,
according to the staff report
August 4, 2011
Deep inside the 285-page budget was an $11 million earmark
to help Hoboken complete a controversial sale of the city-owned Hoboken
University Hospital, whose operator filed for bankruptcy protection on Monday.
The $11 million earmark shines a spotlight on Christie’s
efforts at building alliances in the Democratic stronghold of Hudson County,
whose turnout can often tilt elections. It also reveals the political
underbelly of a divisive deal to once again keep the troubled hospital open.
August 4, 2011
Hoboken University Medical Center property has been sold by
the prospective owner, HUMC Holdco, to Medical Properties Trust, the same real
estate investment trust that purchased the Bayonne Medical Center property.
Medical Properties Trust, the real estate investment trust
(REIT) that purchased the Bayonne Medical Center land, has now bought the
Hoboken University Medical Center property from HUMC Holdco for $70 million,
the company said on its website.
September 22, 2011
Hoboken University Medical Center may close as soon as Oct.
7 as the result of the Hoboken City Council last night, in a 5 to 4 vote,
rejecting an ordinance that would have provided a $5.5 million bond to meet
some of the hospital’s obligations to creditors.
The bond was key to a bankruptcy settlement that was
considered pivotal to the sale of the hospital to the ownership group of the
Bayonne Medical Center.
September 22, 2011
Gov. Chris Christie announced today that the state will put
up $5 million – if necessary — to help save the Hoboken University Medical
Center from possibly closing.
“It is completely unacceptable that the city council placed
local politics ahead of the 1,300 employees at the Hoboken University Medical
Center and the people in the community who rely on the critical services
provided by this hospital. This Administration is not going to allow political
bickering to put this hospital in jeopardy and potentially have a negative and
irresponsible impact on the city’s finances, which is why the state will
contribute the $5 million, if needed, to ensure the Hoboken University Medical
Center deal closes and the hospital stays open.“
October 14, 2011
Zimmer says city layoffs will happen if council doesn’t
approve parking agreement and bond refinancing
“It is important that every City Council member fully
understand the ramifications of these matters for our city, its residents and
its employees,” Zimmer said in the Oct. 14 memo. “If the Parking Agreement,
requiring 5 votes, and the bond refinance, requiring 6 votes, are not passed,
then unfortunately the city will be forced to begin implementing layoffs
immediately.”
October 19, 2011
Hoboken City Council rejects refinancing parking garage bond
In a 5 to 4 vote, the Hoboken City Council voted down an
ordinance to refinance the bonds on the Midtown garage, which is currently used
in part for Hoboken University Medical Center employee parking
October 21, 2011
State Approves Hospital Sale
A certificate of need was issued on Friday afternoon.
Transaction scheduled to be completed in next couple of days.
October 30, 2011
An agreement to allow the City Council Minority to designate
an appointee to the new hospital board. This appointment shows the buyer’s
commitment to increasing community participation in the future of the hospital
and allows all residents to have a voice.
October 30, 2011
STATEMENT FROM MAYOR ZIMMER ON HOBOKEN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL
CENTER
“Since my first day as mayor more than two years ago,
the saving of our hospital has been my number one priority. The effort to save
our hospital has been a long road, but today our community saved it together. I
thank everyone who contacted Council Members and turned out to raise their
voices – hospital and City employees, taxpayers and concerned citizens, and
members of the Hoboken Municipal Hospital Authority. I thank all members of the
City Council for doing the right thing for Hoboken – the majority members for
their support all along and the minority members for being willing to
reconsider and change their votes.
Today’s vote clears the way for saving Hoboken University
Medical Center, the jobs of 1,200 employees, and averts a financial catastrophe
for our City.”
November 4, 2011
The money just hit the account. Congratulations to all
of you. The deal is closed, and the bonds are paid!
Mayor Z to JMM –
“Jonathan, you made this happen and whenever I talk about
this success I will always thank you first!
(This never happened. Politically there was always someone
else who had to be acknowledged.)
On November 4th there was going to be a closing
Either closing the sale
Or closing the doors (we didn’t have money to
meet payroll that day)
November 5, 2011
Sighs of relief are heard in Hoboken as sale of hospital to
owners of Bayonne Medical Center is completed, saving 1,200 jobs and freeing
city from $52 million in bond debt
Hoboken University Medical Center officially has a new owner and the city is
out of the hospital business.
City officials announced yesterday that HUMC Holdco LLC, the
group which owns Bayonne Medical Center, completed the purchase of the Hoboken
hospital, relieving the city of its $52 million bond debt.
“Today is a great day for all of Hoboken and New Jersey. Our
state’s oldest hospital will remain open as a full-service acute care
facility,” said Hoboken Mayor Dawn Zimmer.
October 29, 2012
Hospitals Evacuate Ahead of Hurricane Sandy
Ambulances lined the streets of Hoboken, N.J. in the
relative calm before Hurricane Sandy last night as Hoboken University Medical
Center evacuated patients in the predawn darkness.
The Hoboken hospital evacuated because of fears that surges
from Sandy could breach Hoboken’s seawall, causing several feet of flooding.
The Emergency Room and OB-GYN services for emergency deliveries remained open.
Imagine the consequences if the City still owned the hospital! It would have never reopened and the City would have been responsible for the $50 million bonds.
December 11, 2013 HOBOKEN ISSUED AA+ CREDIT RATING BY STANDARD & POORS – Expected to Result in Immediate Additional Cost Savings The credit rating agency Standard & Poor’s has assigned a credit rating of AA+ to the City of Hoboken, a dramatic and unprecedented improvement from the City’s prior near junk bond rating. In assigning their second highest obtainable rating, S&P cited Hoboken’s “very strong economy,” “strong management,” “very strong budget flexibility,” “very strong liquidity,” “very strong debt and contingent liabilities profile,” and “good financial management practices.” Under Mayor Zimmer’s Administration, the City has established and maintained a responsible surplus for the first time in years, maintained a low debt level, consolidated and restructured departmental operations, eliminated the use of one-time budget gimmicks, and privatized Hoboken University Medical Center in order to relieve the City of a $52 million hospital bond guarantee.
Stop the name games. University hospitals and regional medical centers should live up to their billing, By Jonathan Metsch, Modern Healthcare
Remember when a hospital was just a hospital, and its reputation spoke for itself?
Now we have a plethora of self-named healthcare institutions such as clinics, community hospitals, institutes, medical centers, memorial hospitals, specialty hospitals, and teaching hospitals.
My home state of New Jersey, for example, started with one children’s hospital in Newark, followed by a few more designated under state Health Department competitive certificate-of-need guidelines, followed by a few politically designated by the Legislature, followed by a bunch of sound-alikes such as a “children’s medical center” mischievously bypassing the fact that “children’s hospital” is a legislatively restricted name.
For the most part these appellations are used to define the hospital to its community and publicly compare it most positively to other nearby competitors.
However, more and more hospitals are now calling themselves regional medical centers and university hospitals. These are very robust terms, sometimes used interchangeably or together, and imply characteristics such as comprehensive critical-care services, cardiac surgery/interventional cardiology, comprehensive stroke care, an academic environment, the latest cutting-edge technology, and a full-time cadre of 24/7 on-site super-specialist physicians, including intensivists.
And the not-so-subliminal message is that when you are very sick or injured you should bypass your local hospital.
The reality is that in New Jersey a hospital can call itself whatever it wants—there is no name regulation or oversight by state authorities. A few years ago Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital challenged and lost, when St. Peter’s Hospital added “University” to its name. Since then a number of other hospitals have added “University” as well, and more will follow. Certainly this phenomenon is not limited to New Jersey.
The Association of American Medical Colleges states: “Teaching hospitals are providers of primary care and routine patient services, as well as centers for experimental, innovative and technically sophisticated services. Many of the advances started in the research laboratories of medical schools are incorporated into patient care through clinical research programs at teaching hospitals.”
I believe a university hospital/regional medical center should have most of the following characteristics typical to “major league” hospitals:
First and foremost, it should have a written affiliation agreement with a medical school that includes the rotation of medical students to the hospital for required third-year clinical rotations in internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, psychiatry and surgery.
The hospital should have full-time chairmen in the core clinical departments (e.g., medicine, pediatrics, surgery) selected by a joint hospital-medical school search committee, and not as a reward for seniority or admitting a lot of patients.
There should be at least three physician residency-training programs under the supervision of the medical school.
All physicians teaching students and residents should qualify for faculty appointments at the affiliated medical school.
A dean’s committee composed of senior medical and administrative staff from the hospital and school should meet regularly to jointly set strategic priorities and evaluate program efficacy and performance.
The hospital’s medical staff bylaws should mandate automatic removal from the staff of any physician who does not achieve board certification after a given period of time, such as five years.
The hospital should have at least three state-designated critical-care services such as trauma center, regional perinatal center (high-risk obstetrics), stroke center, children’s hospital or cardiac surgery. There should be full-time intensivists in all ICUs.
The hospital should be a member of all major statewide multihospital clinical-care quality projects such as the New Jersey Hospital Association’s ICU and pressure-ulcer collaboratives. It should participate in clinical trials that the medical school has undertaken, and be a training site for students in nursing, pharmacy, physical therapy and other health professions.
It should have a full-time chief medical officer, a senior physician preferably with a master’s degree earned through the American College of Physician Executives (or equivalent) and a chief nursing officer with an appropriate doctoral degree.
Finally, the hospital’s board, administration and medical staff must have a demonstrable unwavering “safety net” commitment to the medically underserved.
These steps are, of course, easier said than done, so here are some initial steps for the states to consider:
State hospital associations should set up task forces to develop a policy and strategy to make sure hospital names are educational to the public, not exaggerations of capability.
A state could pass a law or the health department could promulgate regulations defining the requirements to be designated a university hospital or regional medical center. These designations should be subject to periodic state review.
Obtaining the appropriate and best hospital care should not be complicated by creative and clever hospital marketing but by easily understandable evidenced-based standards and metrics—and names.
“What does a Chief Happiness Officer actually do?” (A)
ASSIGNMENT: Find out which NFP mega-hospital system in your region has the most C-Suite titles and then develop a “reporting relationships” Table of Organization.
For example, here are some corporate leadership pages from New York/ New Jersey*:
PART 3. …the term “CEO” is not long for the world… we should do the business world a huge favor and decide, ahead of time, what term should replace “CEO”
“Everyone’s a Chief “Something” Officer. We used to run companies with a CEO, a president, a CFO, and a few VPs. Then we got COOs, CTOs, CMOs, CIOs, and CAOs. Now we have chief revenue officers, chief strategy officers, chief communications officers, chief performance officers, chief compliance officers, chief creative officers, chief diversity officers, chief visionary officers, it goes on and on. The C-suite can hardly hold all those chiefs and their giant egos. Better build a C-warehouse…
Corporate title inflation. Apple, the world’s most valuable company, has a CEO, a CFO, seven senior vice presidents, and about 70 vice presidents. That’s it. I know companies that are a tiny fraction of Apple’s size with more VPs. Some have several layers of VPs, presidents of divisions, more managers than workers, and every kind of Chief Whatever Officer you can think of. Ever heard “keep it simple, stupid?” It works for organizations, too. Organizational complexity kills companies.” (B)
“What’s driving the expansion of C-suite titles
Erica Seidel, founder of The Connective Good, a recruiting firm specializing in executive marketing, technology and analytic positions, says some of the new titles she has seen include Chief Customer Officer, Chief Growth Officer, Chief Data Officer and Chief AI Officer (AI for artificial intelligence).
Seidel believes the growing list of new C-level titles within B2B marketing reflects a growing professionalism and specialization among business leaders.
“The proliferation of these ‘Chief XXX’ titles is due to a combination of candidates having more clout than employers in a strong economy, titles being free, and talent managing their personal brand as they look ahead to the next step,” says Seidel, “In other words, candidates will often shape how their role is defined and in some cases ask for different titles, and get them as part of the negotiation process.”..
While there is no exact science to determine how the C-suite will continue to grow and expand, it appears businesses are more than happy to embrace new C-level titles. The most confusing aspect may be knowing exactly what the chief officer’s role is within the company as more chief-officer-acronyms are created.
To help, we’ve put together the following list of C-suite titles that fall outside the traditional leadership roles.
Another trend in title inflation is the actual growth of the title itself. Where three words used to be sufficient, we found hundreds of examples of Chief titles with four or more words.
Our longest title in the C-Suite was the Chief Human Resources and Civil Rights Officer role at Oregon Institute of Technology. (Suzette Yaezenko got the nod.)
Runners up for longest Chief titles were: Chief Corporate Communications and Development Officer; Chief Development, Marketing, & Communications Officer; Chief Facilities Design & Construction Officer; Chief Licensure And Field Experiences Officer; Chief Patient Safety and Experience Officer; Chief U.S. Pretrial Services and Probation Officer.
These more detailed titles indicate a level of specificity for the C-suite that is new in recent years. Whereas Chief Officer roles were historically broader with a purview across the entire firm, these very narrow duties combined with a lofty title indicate the importance of the role to the business or organization despite its smaller span of control.
So with that rather exhaustive review of the field, it’s worth asking: why? And why now?
It’s cheaper to give a title than give a raise. Perhaps the most cynical explanation for the ever-expanding grandeur in titles is the economic rationale. For a boss, giving a bigger title costs a lot less money than giving a raise, and may make the recipient just as happy.
We’re status-driven. It’s no secret that humans like to know where they are in the pecking order. A fancy-sound title feels like making it. The sense of having reached the upper echelons can be intrinsically rewarding. And beyond your corporate colleagues, it’s affirming to hear Mom, Dad — and maybe your siblings — be impressed with your new and lofty title… (D)
“Vint Cerf is called many things: a “computer scientist,” one of the “fathers of the Internet,” maybe even occasionally a “smarty pants.” So he wasn’t all that surprised when Google leaders Larry Page, Sergey Brin and Eric Schmidt came up with a new, never-been-used title for him: VP and Chief Internet Evangelist of Google.
“They first asked me what title I wanted, and I said ‘Arch Duke,’” Cerf told me, laughing. “They said, ‘Why don’t you be our Chief Internet Evangelist?’ Anytime you get a chief something it is a measure of respect.”
Cerf says the designation is fairly accurate, as he travels the world speaking with others about Internet connection, investment, policies and developments. He often hears: “That’s the most interesting title I’ve ever heard!” It has, however, backfired. On a trip to Russia, Cerf was asked four times in five days if he believed in God. He soon realized that they understood the term “evangelist” as a religious preacher. “I’m Geek Orthodox,” Cerf replied.” (E)
“… Some companies like to craft new positions with fancy titles just in order to appear like they’re paying attention to a particular business function. Others use C-level titles to combat the shortage of high-level talent in sought-after fields. CEOs and recruiters figure that if they give someone a “Chief Something” title, instead of a more-traditional VP or SVP role, an on-the-fence job candidate might be more likely to sign on the dotted line.
There are definite downsides to making everyone in your organization a chief. First, it can easily slow down decision making. Give someone a grandiose title, and you increase the risk that a needlessly large department or sub-organization will bloom underneath them to justify their high title. Bureaucracy sets in.,,
Naming too many C-level executives can also muddy a company’s focus. According to this write-up on online-education site Study.com, for example, the role of a corporate “chief listening officer” is “monitoring both external and internal communications about organizations,” including social-media channels. The role’s “primary focus is on gathering information from customers and employees in order to develop ways for an organization to enhance their relationships with both.”..
Finally, C-level fever can make corporate cultures sick, too. If CEOs hand out “chief” titles like candy in response to every new business trend, how will that make everybody else feel? Whenever I’ve done this myself as a CEO, hoping to cement a great performer in their role, it’s just led to more people coming to me with their hands out, looking for their own shiny titles. Plus, the trickle-down effect can make an otherwise logical org chart look more like a bank’s, where everyone’s a vice president and titles mean little… (F)
“When it comes to job titles, we live in an age of rampant inflation. Everybody you come across seems to be a chief or president of some variety. Title inflation is producing its own vocabulary: “uptitling” and “title-fluffing”. It is also producing technological aids. One website provides a simple formula: just take your job title, mix in a few grand words, such as “global”, “interface” and “customer”, and hey presto…
Does any of this matter? Title inflation clearly does violence to the language. But isn’t that par for the course in the corporate world? And isn’t it a small price to pay for corporate harmony? The snag is that the familiar problems of monetary inflation apply to job-title inflation as well. The benefits of giving people a fancy new title are usually short-lived. The harm is long-lasting. People become cynical about their monikers (particularly when they are given in lieu of pay rises). Organisations become more Ruritanian. The job market becomes more opaque. How do you work out the going rate for “vision controller of multiplatform and portfolio” (the BBC)? Or a “manager of futuring and innovation-based strategies” (the American Cancer Society)?
And, far from providing people with more security, fancy titles can often make them more expendable. Companies might hesitate before sacking an IT adviser. But what about a chief scrum master? The essence of inflation, after all, is that it devalues everything that it touches.” (G)
“Left to the chaos of a non-standardized organization (especially with a decentralized HR function), everyone does their own thing (which is to give out titles without much structure or consistency). Then someone in the org runs a report, and discovers the mailroom services guy is an AVP (Associate Vice President for all you non-title inflators out there).
You know the drill, especially if you have spent time in a larger company. What follows the AVP of Mailroom Services discovery is a title standardization campaign leaving many (and I mean many) employee relations issues (hard feelings) as titles are stripped away and replaced by more realistic tags describing what the employees actually do (or as close as they can get).
Been through some of that – it’s always much better to provide a little resistance up front and make sure all in the org are on board before handing out inflated titles. Best place to start? No manager titles if the person doesn’t manage direct reports, and no Director or VP titles if the person doesn’t manage managers who have direct reports (multiple layers in their organization).” (H)
“Especially in big companies, Campbell says, too many title promotions can lead to cynicism about what these new titles really mean. “A company does need to be frugal. Not everyone can be above average. Firms should be deliberate about how they give these title awards out to employees, because each additional person who gets a C-level title dilutes the currency” of the title structure…
Stevenson offers one final explanation for title inflation. She wonders whether the people pushing for higher titles are “the same ones who, as students, pushed for ‘A’s and caused grade inflation. Now they are making it into the corporate world and they want big titles.” She recalls a psychological study that looked at students from 1970 through today and concluded that the more recent entrants into the job market are significantly more spoiled and self-absorbed than their predecessors. The people who are getting inflated titles, she says, “could be part of what is an increasingly narcissistic generation.”(I)
“Today, there are signs that the “CEO” title is losing its luster. First, many CEOs are tacking “President” and “Chairman” onto their business card, as if they felt that “CEO” wasn’t special enough. Second, there’s been an explosion of bargain-basement “C-level” executives like “Chief Marketing Officer”, “Chief Sales Officer”, “Chief Ethics Officer”, “Chief Environmental Officer”, and so forth. That cheapens the “CEO” title, just like the “VP” explosion cheapened the “President” title.
We must therefore conclude that the term “CEO” is not long for the world. Since it’s absolutely critical to the success of a corporation that the top executive feel as if he were a god among mortals (hence the obscene pay packages), we should do the business world a huge favor and decide, ahead of time, what term should replace “CEO.”” (J)
_________________
Some examples of C-Suite title inflation in health care:
Becker’s Hospital Review is pleased to recognize 32 chief population health officers at hospitals and health systems across the country.
The individuals featured here lead initiatives for their organizations focused on improving the health and wellness in their communities. Many of their efforts have served as models for other organizations nationwide, effectively working with at-risk populations to reduce preventable disease, manage chronic illness and overcome negative social determinants of healthcare.
As the role of digital technology has grown in hospitals and health systems in recent years, so too has the need for a dedicated executive to oversee all things digital…
In a health system, the CDO is responsible for overall digital transformation. Whereas a CIO oversees the technical implementation and operation of information systems, clinical systems, revenue cycle, analytics and more, the CDO operates on more of a cultural level, developing a digital strategy for an organization, fostering innovation and bringing automatization and other digital initiatives to the health system.
Though the CIO and CDO may experience some overlap in their roles and should certainly work in close partnership to further a health system’s digitalization, many experts recommend that the roles remain separate, rather than being combined into one position.
Tamarah Duperval-Brownlee is Ascension’s first chief community impact officer, which means she is in charge of helping guide the hospital operator’s new strategic vision to reimagine the best way to care for those in communities across the country. Duperval-Brownlee, a family physician, is responsible for helping Ascension pivot away from its focus on hospital campuses to better care for patients outside hospital settings.
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston has selected David Jaffray, PhD, to serve as its inaugural chief technology and digital officer.
In his new role, Dr. Jaffray will be responsible for the strategic design, acquisition, management and implementation of a technology infrastructure enterprisewide as well as data governance and data management.
The American Medical Association has selected Aletha Maybank, MD, to serve as its inaugural chief health equity officer.
As chief health equity officer at the AMA, Dr. Maybank will establish the organization’s Center for Health Equity, which will focus on ingraining the notion of health equity within the AMA as part of its processes, innovation and organizational performance.
The county’s dominant health system is creating a new executive position in response to safety violations at its flagship hospital.
In one incident, a cognitively impaired patient wearing staff scrubs walked out of Lancaster General Hospital at night and was found across town at UPMC Pinnacle Lancaster.
The Pennsylvania Department of Health report said after the Feb. 15 citation — the hospital’s third in a year — Penn Medicine Lancaster General Health president and CEO Jan Bergen called an emergency meeting of system leaders…
The report also says Bergen decided to create a new position of Chief Operating and Integration Officer to oversee all clinical operations, and a national search is being conducted to fill it.
Wilmington, Del.-based Christiana Care Health System tapped Lisa Maxwell, MD, to serve as chief learning officer.
As chief learning officer, Dr. Maxwell will lead Christiana Care’s Institute for Learning Leadership and Development as well as oversee learning efforts across the system.
Susan Fuehrer, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System director and CEO, is retiring from that job to become the MetroHealth System’s president of social determinants of health and health equity.
Fuehrer, 56, will lead MetroHealth’s initiatives to address the root causes of health disparities and eliminate barriers that keep people from accessing high-quality health care. Her job will involve engaging MetroHealth’s community partners to connect Clevelanders to health care with the goal of ending health disparities.
As Chief Clinical Transformation Officer at Horizon Blue Cross Blue Shield of NJ, it’s my responsibility to work with New Jersey’s doctors and health systems to develop innovative strategies that improve health care quality, affordability and the experience for our members.
Kaylan A. Baban, MD MPH is Chief Wellness Officer and Assistant Professor of Medicine at the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, and Director of the Lifestyle Medicine program at the GW Medical Faculty Associates. She is board-certified in Preventive Medicine and Lifestyle Medicine with a focus on holistic care and patient empowerment.
Dr. Baban’s research and curricular efforts address mindful provision of healthcare and digital health for prevention, patient empowerment, and optimized health outcomes. She currently leads a mixed methods evaluation of individualized lifestyle management for primary and secondary prevention of non-communicable conditions.
Cleveland Clinic has appointed Semih Sen chief business development officer, a newly created position.
In his new role, Mr. Sen will identify and drive new business opportunities, develop plans for new growth initiatives and build strategic partnerships and alliances. He will also head Cleveland Clinic Innovations, the commercialization arm of Cleveland Clinic.
ASSIGNMENT:
You are the head of the Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of
Texas at El Paso and have been “volunteered” to develop a Rapid Response
“shadow” licensing program for the new Carrizo Springs, Texas “emergency”
shelter which will house as many as 1,600 teens.
“What are the basic rules that determine how immigrant
children are treated in U.S. immigration detention?”..
In the 1980s, the Reagan administration aggressively used
detention of Central Americans as a device to deter migration from that region,
where violent civil wars had caused tens of thousands to flee…
One suit was filed by the American Civil Liberties Union in
1985 on behalf of Jenny Lisette Flores, a 15-year-old from El Salvador. She had
fled violence in her home country to live with an aunt who was in the U.S.
But Flores was detained by federal authorities at the U.S.
border for not having proper documentation permitting her to stay in the U.S…
But the primary legacy of the case was the subsequent
settlement, to which both the Clinton administration and the plaintiffs agreed
in 1997.
The Flores settlement established basic standards for the
treatment of unaccompanied minors who were in the custody of federal
authorities for violating immigration laws.
It requires the federal government to place children with a
close relative or family friend “without unnecessary delay,” rather than
detaining them; and to keep immigrant children who are in custody in the “least
restrictive conditions” possible. Generally speaking, this has meant migrant
children can be kept in federal immigrant detention for only 20 days…” (A)
“Bleak scenes of tearful, malnourished children reeking of
filth and jammed into frigid, overcrowded quarters have emerged in new accounts
from immigrant rights lawyers, who conducted dozens of interviews with children
inside Border Patrol stations across Texas…
Immigrant rights lawyers, just hours after the tour,
petitioned a federal judge to order additional oversight of Border Patrol
holding facilities across Texas, where migrant children are being held.
The filing asked the court to require immediate inspections
of the facilities by public health experts and accused the federal government
of violating standards for detained migrant care established in a court
settlement. The advocates also sought to have detained children released to
parents or other relatives living in the U.S…
On Friday, U.S. District Judge Dolly Gee ordered the court
monitor overseeing the settlement to bring the migrant lawyers and the federal
government together for mediation. She said the monitor may appoint “an
independent public health expert” to address conditions in facilities, if
she deems that is necessary. Both parties are to file status reports by July
12.” (B)
“Citing the Flores Settlement Agreement, which requires the
U.S. government to ensure “safe and sanitary” conditions for migrant
children in federal custody, attorneys…. “the children need immediate
access to emergency care and improved living conditions to prevent more illness
and even death.”..
In an interview with The Washington Post, Peter Schey, who
has been litigating the ongoing case since its initial filing in 1985, said
Wednesday’s filing represented the first time attorneys have felt the need to
seek emergency relief from a judge.” (C)
“Lawyers are particularly concerned about the spread of
illness inside Border Patrol facilities, which can sometimes turn fatal. Five
children have died in Border Patrol custody since December, some of whom were
initially diagnosed with a common cold or the flu. The processing center in
McAllen, known as Ursula, recently quarantined three dozen migrants who were
sick after a 16-year-old died of the flu at the same facility…
Dr. Julie Linton, the co-chair of the American Academy of
Pediatrics, previously told HuffPost that children can’t recover from illnesses
in Border Patrol facilities. These centers are described as “hieleras” ―
Spanish for iceboxes ― because of their freezing temperatures, and migrants
describe sleeping on floors under bright lights that shine 24/7, with nothing
but Mylar blankets to keep warm…” (D)
“More than 200 migrant children detained in a remote Border
Patrol station in southwest Texas without adequate food, water and sanitation
have been moved after news of the conditions became public last week…
A law professor who recently visited the facility, Warren
Binford of Willamette University, described the conditions for children in an
interview with NPR’s Lulu Garcia Navarro.
“Many of them are sleeping on concrete floors,
including infants, toddlers, preschoolers. They are being given nothing but
instant meals, Kool-Aid and cookies — many of them are sick. We are hearing
that many of them are not sleeping. Almost all of them are incredibly sad and
being traumatized. Many of them have not been given a shower for weeks. Many of
them are not being allowed to brush their teeth except for maybe once every 10
days. They have no access to soap. It’s incredibly unsanitary conditions, and
we’re very worried about the children’s health.”” (E)
“U.S. government officials say they’ve moved more than 100
kids back to a remote border facility where lawyers reported detained children
were caring for each other and had inadequate food, water, and sanitation.
An official from U.S. Customs and Border Protection said
Tuesday that the “majority” of the roughly 300 children detained at Clint,
Texas, last week have been placed in facilities operated by the Office of
Refugee Resettlement.
The official, who briefed reporters on the condition of
anonymity, wouldn’t say exactly how many children are currently detained there.
But the official says Clint is better equipped than some of the Border Patrol’s
tents to hold children…” (F)
“About half of the roughly 2,300 children confined in a
privately run Florida facility intended as a temporary shelter for migrant teenagers
have been there for more than 20 days and many of them for months, despite
legal standards that require children who cross the border to be speedily
released or sent to state-licensed shelters that are equipped to offer
longer-term care.
The Homestead center near Miami, the only one in the
government’s large network of shelters run by a private, for-profit
corporation, is intended to keep children for only a few days, but has been
holding them for much longer as a result of the unusually large number of
unaccompanied children arriving in recent months along the southwest border…
Children living at Homestead have complained that it is
extremely crowded and noisy, and that they enjoy no privacy, according to
reports filed with a federal court. They report feeling increasingly despondent
because they have no idea when they will be released, lawyers said. Rules
prohibit them from listening to music or writing in a journal. Some reported
having suicidal thoughts.
Amy Cohen, a psychiatrist who has visited the facility, said
the noise level was extremely high, especially in a tent with no soundproofing
where “children are crammed” and teachers must use microphones to be heard
above the noise…
Immigrant advocates have gone to court to argue that
Homestead should be required to meet the rigorous standards established for
detaining migrant children — though government officials argue that the
facility, operated as a temporary “influx” shelter, not a detention center, is
not legally required to do so.
Under those standards, established under a 1997 consent
decree, children must generally be released within about 20 days, or
transferred to a licensed shelter that has comfortable living accommodations
and a full education program.
Costing over $1 million a day to operate, Homestead opened
in February… “ (G)
“Maintenance reportedly eats up most of the $775 daily cost
per child for the tent camps, since it’s difficult to keep temporary structures
suitable for humans in a desert. In permanent facilities run by Health and Human
Services, the cost is $256 per person per night, and NBC News estimates that
even keeping children with their parents and guardians in Immigration and
Customs Enforcement facilities would only cost $298 per night…
“…Southwest Key Programs, a nonprofit that set up a boys’
shelter in the husk of an old Walmart, reportedly netted $955 million in
federal contracts between 2015 and 2018, according to The New York Times. A
network of nonprofit groups, BCFS, reportedly received $179 million in the same
time period. BCFS is the same contractor that held migrant kids in parked vans
for 39 hours earlier this year, as ICE slowly did the paperwork to reunite the
children with their families” (H)
“Hundreds of migrant children being transferred from
squalid, overcrowded Border Patrol detention centers are heading into the
custody of a federal refugee agency that’s already struggling to feed and care
for tens of thousands of minors…
The refugee office’s shelters have taken in more than 52,000
children since October — a 60 percent jump from the previous year, driven by a
record influx of migrants and complicated by the Trump administration’s
aggressive border policies. Its parent agency, the Department of Health and
Human Services, is pursuing strategies to cope with the surge, which include
freezing money for anti-trafficking efforts and services for survivors of
torture, and possibly furloughing employees.
The crunch is also slowing HHS’s oversight of shelters,
efforts to expand the number of beds and attempts to unite migrant children
with sponsors in the United States…
“This historical influx is challenging the capacity of the
federal government to shelter UAC [unaccompanied alien children] and presents
child welfare concerns beyond the treacherous journey that these minor children
take across the southern border,” said an HHS spokesperson in an emailed
statement…
“It’s a very difficult time,” an HHS official told
POLITICO. “The program grew faster than we were ready.” (I)
“A federal judge has ordered a mediator to move swiftly to
improve health and sanitation at Border Patrol facilities in Texas, where
observers reported migrant children were subject to filthy conditions that
imperiled their health.
Judge Dolly M. Gee of the Central District of California
asked late on Friday that an independent monitor, whom she appointed last year,
ensure that conditions in detention centers are promptly addressed. She set a
deadline of July 12 for the government to report on what it has accomplished
“post haste” to remedy them…
The new order stopped short of directly ordering the
government to take action but referred the issue to the monitor to take action
for the “prompt remediation” of conditions at the facilities, included the
retention of an independent public health expert…
In her order, Judge Gee said that the court had detailed
previous violations by the government of a 1997 consent decree, called the
Flores settlement agreement, which established standards for the care of
migrant children in its custody. A monitor had been appointed last year over
the government’s objections after plaintiffs in the Flores case successfully
argued that there had been egregious violations of the agreement…
The “emergent” nature of the recent reports “demands
immediate action,” the judge added…
The motion for a temporary restraining order asked the court
to mandate immediate inspection of facilities in McAllen, Clint and Weslaco,
all in Texas, by a public health expert. It also requested that medical
professionals obtain access to those facilities and that the government speed
up the release of children detained at the facility to sponsors — mainly
parents or relatives in the United States.” (J)
“A federal judge has ordered U.S. Customs and Border
Protection (CBP) to allow medical professionals into detention facilities
holding migrant children, CNN reported Sunday.
U.S. District Judge Dolly Gee ordered that health
professionals be allowed in the facilities to ensure the conditions are
“safe and sanitary” for children being detained there and to assess
the children’s medical needs.
The order pertains to all of CBP’s facilities in the El Paso
and Rio Grande Valley sectors in Texas, CNN reported. The centers are the
subject of a lawsuit regarding the 1997 Flores Settlement Agreement and reports
of unsafe and unsanitary conditions at detention centers.” (K)
“By the time Dr. Roberto “Bert” Johansson saw the
toddler in the emergency room, she was vomiting, feverish, dehydrated and
desperately ill with acute gastroenteritis.
The girl had been in Border Patrol custody for two days
before agents rushed her to El Paso Children’s Hospital. Johansson told CNN he
admitted her and put her on an IV line, fluids and other treatment.
“She lived, but her illness had been missed,” he
said of that day three months ago. “We need to get to these kids
earlier.”..
But Johansson, a pediatrician who specializes in emergency
medicine and intensive care, says there’s another pressing problem: The medical
screening the Border Patrol gives to undocumented children is “absolutely,
unequivocally inadequate.”” (L)
BREAKING NEWS.
“Health officials at the University of New Mexico are designing a program to
help treat sick migrants – many of them seeking asylum – being detained in
crowded government facilities near the border.
Dr. Sanjeev Arora, director of Project ECHO – Extension for
Community Healthcare Outcomes – at the University of New Mexico Health Sciences
Center, said that an ECHO program to help treat migrants in facilities near the
Mexican border is being developed and should be up and running in the coming
weeks.
“There are children and people (at the border) who are
housed in government facilities who need health care, and there isn’t enough
expertise there,” Arora said. “We are going to bring our existing resources to
bear and start an ECHO for them.”..
ECHO programs, which now total in the hundreds and reach
worldwide, are essentially video teleconferences where specialized experts of a
topic share knowledge with health care providers in areas where health
officials don’t have the same expertise, especially rural areas.
Instead of one doctor being able to treat one patient
through videoconference, the sharing of knowledge allows the number of patients
helped to grow exponentially, Arora said.” (M)
PART 16. June 21, 2019. “The federal government is
opening a new MASS FACILITY TO HOLD MIGRANT CHILDREN, a temporary emergency
shelter that will not be subject to state child welfare licensing
requirements.”
“Are you arguing seriously that you do not read the [Flores]
agreement as requiring you to do anything other than what I just described:
cold all night long, lights on all night long, sleeping on concrete and you’ve
got an aluminum foil blanket?”
HHS..”instructed officials to cut programs “not directly
necessary for the protection of life and safety,” a spokesperson for the HHS
said, according to the Washington Post. These services include English classes,
recreational programs like soccer, and legal aid,…”
Statement from the American Public Health Association and
Trust for America’s Health
“As public health professionals we know that children living
without their parents face immediate and long-term health consequences. Risks
include the acute mental trauma of separation, the loss of critical health
information that only parents would know about their children’s health status,
and in the case of breastfeeding children, the significant loss of maternal
child bonding essential for normal development. Parents’ health would also be
affected by this unjust separation.
“More alarming is the interruption of these children’s
chance at achieving a stable childhood. Decades of public health research have
shown that family structure, stability and environment are key social
determinants of a child’s and a community’s health.
“Furthermore, this practice places children at heightened
risk of experiencing adverse childhood events and trauma, which research has
definitively linked to poorer long-term health. Negative outcomes associated
with adverse childhood events include some of society’s most intractable health
issues: alcoholism, substance misuse, depression, suicide, poor physical health
and obesity.” (T)
“Migrant children are
increasingly resorting to sleeping outside of border patrol stations because
the agency charged with sheltering them, the Department of Health and Human
Services, has been overwhelmed by the influx of asylum-seekers, NBC News
reported Tuesday.
HHS, which is reportedly operating at 97 percent capacity,
is responsible for caring for the record number of migrant children that are
arriving at the border each day until they can be placed with a sponsor. As
reports of a humanitarian crisis at the border continue to mount, HHS officials
have urged Congress to provide more resources for the provision of medical care
and shelter.
As of May 31, 1,448 unaccompanied migrant children have
remained in border patrol custody for at least 72 hours, the maximum time
allotted by law, while waiting to be transferred to HHS, according to NBC News.
In total, 1,402 unaccompanied migrant children have been
processed by border patrol and are now waiting to be transferred to a HHS
facility, where are they supposed to receive a bed and support from a social
worker.
The children often resort to sleeping on concrete slabs or
outside the border patrol stations while they await transfer to an HHS facility
that corresponds to their gender and age. The influx of women and children
arriving at the border in recent months has delayed this process as HHS lacks
adequate housing to accommodate a population that is no longer comprised mostly
of single adult males as it once was.” (A)
“The federal government is opening a new mass facility to
hold migrant children in Texas and considering detaining hundreds more youths
on three military bases around the country, adding up to 3,000 new beds to the
already overtaxed system.
The new emergency facility in Carrizo Springs, Texas, will
hold as many as 1,600 teens in a complex that once housed oil field workers on
government-leased land near the border, said Mark Weber, a spokesman for Office
of Refugee Resettlement.
The agency is also weighing using Army and Air Force bases
in Georgia, Montana and Oklahoma to house an additional 1,400 kids in the
coming weeks, amid the influx of children traveling to the U.S. alone. Most of
the children crossed the border without their parents, escaping violence and
corruption in Central America, and are held in government custody while
authorities determine if they can be released to relatives or family friends.
All the new facilities will be considered temporary
emergency shelters, so they won’t be subject to state child welfare licensing
requirements, Weber said. In January, the government shut down an unlicensed
detention camp in the Texas desert under political pressure, and another
unlicensed facility called Homestead remains in operation in the Miami
suburbs.” (B)
“The Trump administration is scaling back services for unaccompanied
minors who cross the US-Mexico border, citing budget constraints after a surge
in crossings not seen in over a decade.
The Trump administration is struggling to deal with the
number of migrants entering the US, and has placed much of the blame for
insufficient services and even several recent deaths of migrant children onto
migrants themselves.
According to new data released by Customs and Border
Protection, 109,144 people were taken into custody last month, nearly 9,000 of
them unaccompanied children.
The Trump administration is slashing support and services
for unaccompanied minors who cross the US-Mexico border, citing budget
constraints after a surge in crossings not seen in for more than a decade.
The Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR), which is part of
the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and provides housing and
resources for migrant children, has instructed providers to suspend funding for
certain programs.
It instructed officials to cut programs “not directly
necessary for the protection of life and safety,” a spokesperson for the HHS
said, according to the Washington Post. These services include English classes,
recreational programs like soccer, and legal aid, the Post said.” (C)
“The government’s plans were swiftly rebuked by civil rights
lawyers representing unaccompanied children, who have been crossing the border
in ever-larger numbers this year to flee poverty and violence in their home
countries, mainly in Central America. And the chief of at least one large
shelter operator said he would continue to offer education and sports at his
network’s facilities.
Some 13,200 migrant children, including adolescents who
crossed the border alone and young children who were separated from their
parents, are currently housed in more than 100 shelters across the country.
They receive English instruction, as well as math, civics and other classes.
Most facilities have a sports field and allow children to go outside, often to
play soccer, at least once a day…
Civil rights and child welfare advocates said that any move
by the government to eliminate education and recreation would constitute a
violation of the Flores settlement, which in 1997 established the standards for
treating migrant children held in government facilities, and would prompt them
to sue for reinstatement of the activities.
“If this administration goes forward with denying education,
recreation and other unspecified so-called nonessential services, it would be
in flagrant violation of the Flores settlement and will face immediate legal
action,” said Neha Desai, co-counsel on the settlement decree, who visits
government shelters to ensure compliance. She is also the immigration director
at the National Center for Youth Law in Oakland, Calif.
“To those of us whose job it is to promote the health and
safety of children, this is a shocking directive,” said Amy Cohen, a
psychiatrist who consults for the Flores team and regularly interviews children
at shelters. “It violates every tenet of basic child welfare practice and will further
harm the medical and psychological health of children fleeing extraordinarily
dangerous circumstances in their home countries.”…
“We have not and we
are not going to curtail recreation and education. We just can’t do that,” said
Kevin Dinnin, president of BCFS, the second-largest shelter network, which
houses about 1,000 children in facilities in Texas. “We will have to use
reserve funds until the government figures out what they are going to do.” (D)
“For the past year and a half, Dr. Eric Russell has been
traveling from Houston to McAllen, Texas, every three months or so to volunteer
at the Catholic Charities Humanitarian Respite Center, a first stop for many
asylum-seeking migrants who’ve been released by U.S. Customs and Border
Protection in the Rio Grande Valley.
During his most recent visit to the clinic in April, when he
saw more than 150 migrants, he noted a troubling new trend: a number of people
reported that their medication had been taken from them by U.S. border
officials.
“I had a few adults that came who had high blood pressure,
who had their blood pressure medications taken from them and, not surprisingly,
their blood pressure was elevated,” Russell told Yahoo News. “There was a
couple of adults that had diabetes that had their diabetes medicines taken from
them, and wanted to come in because they were worried about their blood sugar.
And, not surprisingly, their blood sugar was elevated.”
For Russell, a pediatric emergency medicine physician, the
patient who stood out the most during that visit was a boy of 8 or 9 with a
history of seizures. According to his mother, the child had been on a long-term
seizure medicine in their home country, but the medication had been taken from
him upon entering the Border Patrol custody in McAllen and never returned…
“My concern is,
what’s going to happen if you put a 9-year-old child who has a history of
seizures, without any seizure medicine on a bus for 3 days … is that he’s going
to have a seizure,” Russell said.
Russell added that he can understand the need for a policy
regarding the use of outside medication by detainees. However, he said, “At the
end of the day, as a medical provider, as a physician, we take an oath to first
do no harm. And taking somebody’s medications seems like it’s causing harm.”…
In light of these deaths, the American Academy of
Pediatrics, along with other child health and welfare experts, have offered a
number of recommendations for how CBP can improve the care of migrant children
in its custody, which include ensuring access to screenings and treatment by
medical professionals who know how to recognize and respond to the subtle yet
often rapidly worsening signs of illness in children.
“The AAP has been in discussions for months with [CBP] about
increasing the number of pediatric-trained providers that are at these large
processing centers,” said Griffin. However, information provided by CBP
officials suggests the agency has yet to heed the AAP’s advice as it expands
contracted medical services across the southwest border.” (E)
“The government agency that takes custody over all
unaccompanied minors who arrive on the border has been unable to answer
questions about the number of children who have died in its custody in the
years since President Donald Trump took office.
When children who are traveling by themselves either ask for
asylum at ports of entry or are apprehended by Border Patrol, they are
eventually transferred into the custody of the Office of Refugee Resettlement.
ORR—an agency within the Department of Health and Human Services
(HHS)—maintains a series of shelters for the unaccompanied minors, many of
which are run by independent contractors…
On May 23rd, Pacific Standard sent an email to HHS asking
if, since 2016, any other children had died in ORR custody that the public had
not been made aware of. A media contact in the HHS’s Administration for
Children and Families office confirmed that the email had been received, and
said: “[The] inquiry is with the program office for response—we’ll get the
information back to you just as soon as we have it.”
HHS never got back to Pacific Standard’s inquiry, nor to two
subsequent inquiries sent the next day and again on June 5th…
Jennifer Podkul, the senior director of policy and advocacy
for Kids in Need of Defense—an advocacy organization for immigrant
children—says it’s plausible that there are more children who have died than
the public is aware of.
“It’s certainly possible,” Podkul says. “I don’t have any
specific information about specific cases [that have’t been reported], but
there are a few reasons why I say it’s plausible: One is that there’s no
mandatory reporting requirement for ORR, unlike ICE. And the other reason,
that’s really important, is that ORR doesn’t have any sort of public monitoring
system.”
According to Podkul, though ORR and HHS completes reviews of
the facilities they run for children—both those run by the government and those
run by contractors—those sorts of audits aren’t released to the public.” (F)
“A 16-year-old from Guatemala died of complications of the
flu while in U.S. Border Patrol custody, according to preliminary autopsy
findings, alarming doctors who questioned whether immigration authorities
missed warning signs or chances to save his life.
Carlos Hernandez Vasquez contracted bacterial infections in
addition to the flu, as well as sepsis, which can lead to tissue damage and
organ failure, according to a report released by Hidalgo County authorities
this week. He died May 20. A full autopsy is pending.
Carlos is the sixth child in the last year to die after U.S.
border agents detained him, and the second known to have died of the flu, after
8-year-old Felipe Gómez Alonzo died on Christmas Eve…
“By the time you’re
16 years old, you have great immunity, and you shouldn’t be dying so quickly,”
said Dr. Nizam Peerwani, the Tarrant County medical examiner in Fort Worth,
Texas, and an adviser for the advocacy group Physicians for Human Rights.
Peerwani said Carlos’ rapid deterioration raised questions
about whether he may have had potential symptoms including a fever, body aches,
or breathing trouble before the Border Patrol says he reported being sick.
He should have been taken to a medical facility or clinic
instead of remaining in detention, Peerwani said.
Dr. Julie Linton, co-chair of the American Academy of
Pediatrics’ immigrant health special interest group, also said the prescription
of Tamiflu may not have been enough treatment, especially since the medicine
works best in the first two to three days of illness. While Carlos’ illness was
discovered the day before his death, he may have sick well before then, she
said. “We cannot treat Tamiflu as a substitute for the other care that is
required,” Linton said.
Doctors who treat the flu rely on a patient telling them how
long they’ve had symptoms. Linton pointed out that the processing center where
Carlos was detained has the lights on 24 hours a day, which may have made it
difficult for him to know how long he had been sick.” (G)
“County health officials announced Thursday that the
influenza outbreak at a local migrant shelter continues to worsen with 22 new
cases of flu or flu-like symptoms.
The total number of confirmed flu and “influenza-like
illness” since May 19 among asylum-seeking migrants at a shelter in Bankers
Hill operated by Jewish Family Service of San Diego now stands at 81. Officials
with the county’s Health and Human Services Agency confirmed 12 new cases on
both Tuesday and Wednesday.
In addition, the county has quarantined 63 asylum seekers at
various local hotels to try to contain the outbreak. Two asylum seekers at the
shelter have been transported to the hospital due to their flu symptoms,
according to the county. Health officials have screened roughly 450
asylum-seeking migrants at the shelter for symptoms since May 19.
The county defines an outbreak as one person contracted an
illness and a second person contracting it and showing symptoms within 72
hours. The county first declared the outbreak May 23…
Cases of flu and chicken pox have afflicted immigrant
detention facilities for months, with some detained infants and children
showing fevers of up to 105 degrees. CBP agents temporarily closed processing
functions at the McAllen facility last week amid a flu outbreak, during which
it quarantined more than 30 detainees, according to the Washington Post.
The flu has also caused multiple deaths among detainees at
the border in the last six months. Immigration officials confirmed the
flu-related death of a 16-year-old Guatemalan boy at the McAllen facility last
week, the fifth Guatemalan child to die in federal custody since December and
at least the second to die from flu complications.
The county said it plans to continue monitoring the
situation and providing updates on new flu cases at the shelter. County health
officials are also treating outwardly healthy people at the shelter to prevent
the flu from spreading any further.” (H)
“The recent death of a Guatemalan child after a flu outbreak
at the Customs and Border Protection Centralized Processing Center in McAllen
is unsurprising, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics.
Dr. Julie Linton is the co-chair of the American Academy of
Pediatrics Immigrant Health Special Interest Group. She said processing
facilities and detention centers are no place for children.
Linton said the Ursula Central Processing Center, which is
the largest in the nation, is the type of facility that is a haven for
infectious diseases like flu or tuberculosis and infestations like scabies.
“When you enclose people in close quarters and large spaces,
it’s much more difficult to control the spread of illness,” Linton said. “I
think what we also know, however, is that we have children who are presenting
and asking for medical attention — we have families who are asking for medical
evaluations for their children — and they’re being evaluated, and then after
evaluation they’re being sent back to processing centers.”
Linton said a sick child is not going to do well in those
conditions.
“I’m a pediatrician, and I care for sick children all the
time, and I would never suggest, in healing, a child return to a cold concrete
floor, covered by a silver, mylar blanket which is really more of a sheet, to
heal from their illness, and certainly not in a setting where they’re exposed
to constant stress,” Linton said…
The AAP has created a toolkit to help those who come into
contact with immigrant children to help them get and stay healthy.
The McAllen processing center temporarily closed last week
after medical staff identified 32 other migrants who were experiencing symptoms
of the flu.” (I)
“The deaths of migrant children in U.S. custody raise grave
humanitarian concerns and set off alarms. Medical experts, human rights groups
and children’s advocates long have decried unsanitary and crowded conditions at
the facilities where children and families are detained for days before they
are transferred to shelters or released with notices to appear before a judge.
These experts have warned that the living conditions, coupled with the physical
and traumatic effects of migrants’ grueling journeys here, exact a punishing
toll that endangers the children’s lives.
Castro and other members of Congress have called for a
federal investigation. According to Castro, prior to the deaths over the past
eight months, U.S. Customs and Border Protection had gone more than a decade
without a child dying in its custody.
Federal scrutiny of the immigration detention facilities
holding children and families is urgently needed. Americans deserve a full
accounting of the deaths and a plan for averting more tragedies. The U.S. must
guard its borders, but it must do so responsibly, ensuring the welfare of the
children it holds in its custody. Detaining 10-year-olds in fenced-in pens who
are not a threat to this country and who, with their families, are merely
seeking protection is punitive and not what America stands for. If the
administration cannot adequately care for the children in its custody, it must
re-examine its detention policy.
No investigation can be complete without a thorough vetting
of the administration’s hard-line border enforcement policies, which once
separated thousands of children from their families, literally tearing some
from their parents’ arms, a policy since discarded amid an international
outcry. It may take up to two years for authorities to identify the children,
the federal government said in April. It is no wonder that such a dereliction
of duty leads some to question if children are merely considered collateral
damage in the administration’s crackdown on immigration…
The Border Patrol needs help, agreed Marsha Griffin, a
pediatrician on the South Texas border and a spokesperson for the American
Academy of Pediatrics. “We need to provide them with more and better medical
(staff), especially when it pertains to children,” Griffin told us.
Along with other facets of its border enforcement
crackdowns, the federal government is trying to send a message to deter
migrants from coming, Gilman said.” (J)
“As the Trump administration works to address what it
describes as a growing “crisis” at the U.S.-Mexico border, officials said in a
court filing that it may take two years for the government to identify
thousands of migrant children who were separated from their families.
The filing Friday outlined the government’s plan to use data
analysis and manual reviews to sift through the cases of about 47,000 children
who were apprehended by U.S. immigration officials from July 1, 2017, to June
25, 2018, to identify which children might have been taken from family members.
It estimated the process “would take at least 12 months, and possibly up to 24
months.”
Last month, U.S. District Judge Dana Sabraw expanded the
number of migrant families that the government may be forced to reunite under
his previous order after an inspector general report revealed that the
administration had an undisclosed family separation pilot program in place
starting in July of 2017. The ruling was made as part of a lawsuit led by the American
Civil Liberties Union.
“The administration refuses to treat the family separation
crisis it created with urgency, ” the ACLU said in a statement Saturday. “We
strongly oppose any plan that gives the government up to two years to find
kids. The government swiftly gathered resources to tear families apart. It must
do the same to fix the damage.” (K)
“Rom Rahimian, a medical student working at
Banner-University Medical Center Tucson, was trying to help a 20-year-old
Guatemalan woman who had been found late last year in the desert — dehydrated,
pregnant and already in labor months before her due date. But the Border Patrol
agents lingering in the room were making him uncomfortable.
The agents remained in the obstetrics ward night and day as
physicians worked to halt her labor. They were present during her medical
examinations, listened in on conversations with doctors and watched her
ultrasounds, Mr. Rahimian said. They kept the television on loud, interfering
with her sleep. When agents began pressing the medical staff to discharge the
woman to an immigration detention facility, the doctors took action.
“It was a race against the clock to see if we can get her
into any other situation,” Mr. Rahimian said. He called a lawyer and asked,
“What can we do? What are her rights?”
As apprehensions of migrants climb at the southwest border,
and dozens a day are taken to community hospitals, medical providers are
challenging practices — by both government agencies and their own hospitals —
that they say are endangering patients and undermining recent pledges to
improve health care for migrants.
The problems range from shackling patients to beds and not
permitting them to use restrooms to pressuring doctors to discharge patients
quickly and certify that they can be held in crowded detention facilities that
immigration officials themselves say are unsafe. Physicians say that needed
follow-up care for long-term detainees is often neglected, and that they have
been prevented from informing family members about the status of critically ill
patients. Agency vehicles parked conspicuously near hospital entrances, health
providers say, are also stoking fear and interfering with broader immigrant
care.
Doctors typically do not know what rights they might have to
challenge these practices. At Banner and several other hospital systems across
the country, they have called on administrators to oppose and change security
measures that they view as endangering health..
Health systems, too, maintain policies that doctors say are
problematic. Banner Health, like some others, has a policy that applies equally
to immigration detainees and prisoners. It disallows bathroom privileges,
requires at least two limbs to be secured to beds unless medically inadvisable,
gives agents discretion over whether mothers may visit newborns and obliges law
enforcement officers to remain with patients.” (L)
“A premature newborn baby girl and her 17-year-old migrant
mother were almost entirely ignored and neglected for an entire week while held
by Border Patrol near the Texas border.
Lawyers who visited the immigration processing station in
McAllen, TX, told HuffPost that the one-month-old infant was wrapped in a dirty
towel and wore soiled clothing. The mother was severely underslept,
wheelchair-bound, and unable to walk or lie down due to pain from an emergency
C-section.
The baby was born in Mexico after the mother left Guatemala
for the U.S. while eight months pregnant. Neither mother nor child has been
publicly identified.
According to immigration and human rights attorney Hope
Frye, the mother was taken to a hospital at least once for pain medication, but
the baby had not received any medical care since being placed in Border Patrol
custody.” (M)
“The Trump administration has made its position on
immigration clear as day. But the executive branch’s crackdown on immigration —
legal and otherwise — has come with a cost. A new NBC News analysis found that
24 immigrants died in ICE custody since President Trump took office, and that
figure notably doesn’t include migrants who died while they were detained by
other government agencies.
“What we’re seeing is a reckless and unprecedented expansion
of a system that is punitive, harmful and costly,” Katharina Obser, a senior
policy adviser at the Women’s Refugee Commission, told the news outlet. The
government has filed to provide immigrants in its custody with medical and
mental health care, she added.
The NBC News report comes as the number of migrant children
who die after crossing the U.S.-Mexico border continues to rise. The report
also indicates that the number of immigrants in U.S. custody has recently
reached an all-time high, with about 52,500 immigrants currently in ICE custody
per day.
In a statement provided to NBC News, ICE said that “it takes
very seriously the health, safety and welfare of those in our care,” and that
“any death that happens in ICE custody is a cause for concern.”
So far, at least five migrant children have died after being
apprehended at or near the U.S.-Mexico border since December. A 10-year-old
girl from El Salvador also died in September, although the public did not learn
about her death until May of this year,
per the BBC. The five children who have died since December were all from
Guatemala.” (N)
“The Texas Tribune reports more than 5,800 unaccompanied
migrant children are living in 35 shelters across the state as of last month.
The U.S. government has also reported more than 144,000
migrants were apprehended or denied entry last month, which is a 13-year high.
They say more than half of the families detained had
children. And 8 percent of these migrants are considered to be unaccompanied
minors…
Right now, Texas has 35 state-licensed shelters. The Texas
Health and Human Services Commission says combined, the 35 shelters can
accommodate up to 6,423 children, meaning the state shelters are at about 90
percent capacity.
These migrant children living in federal shelters no longer
have access to English classes, recreational programs, like soccer, and legal
aid, after the Trump Administration decided to cancel these activities due to
budget pressures earlier this month.
The Texas Tribune reported that the director of Hope Border
Institute, Dylan Corbett, told them this decision was.. “a demonstration of
their willingness to use children as pawns in a politically motivated plan to
inflict as much pain as possible.” (O)
“……the administration is taking new steps to deprive the
children it is holding in custody of basic necessities. Last week, the
administration cut funding for education, recreation and legal aid for migrant
children and youth in federal shelters. An estimated 13,200 minors are
currently being held in shelters contracted by the Office of Refugee
Resettlement (ORR). The Children’s Defense Fund recently joined more than 100
other organizations signing on to a letter to the Secretary of HHS and other
federal leaders condemning the decision.
As the letter explains, “It is widely recognized in
international, federal, and state law that children are unique from adults and
should be afforded special protections that support their developmental needs.”
That’s why the Flores settlement, the existing agreement that limits the length
of time and conditions under which federal officials can detain immigrant
children, requires the government to place children in the least restrictive
setting that is in the best interest of the child.
It’s also why the services the administration is taking away
from these children — including English, math, science and reading classes and
outdoor activities such as soccer and basketball — are essential to their
development…
Immigrant children are still children. They are our
children. It doesn’t matter how a child came to be in our country — once they
are here, in the wealthiest and most powerful nation on earth, it is our duty
and our obligation to care for them, support them and give them the opportunity
to grow up and thrive. Instead, we are cruelly stripping away their chance to
learn, to play and to connect. And in the worst and most unforgivable cases, we
are letting them die on our watch.
Even for an administration already known for its cruel
treatment of immigrant children this is another heartless and disgraceful step
too far. We are better than this.” (P)
“A 2-year-old boy locked in detention wants to be held all
the time. A few girls, ages 10 to 15, say they’ve been doing their best to feed
and soothe the clingy toddler who was handed to them by a guard days ago.
Lawyers warn that kids are taking care of kids, and there’s inadequate food,
water and sanitation for the 250 infants, children and teens at the Border
Patrol station.
The bleak portrait emerged Thursday after a legal team
interviewed 60 children at the facility near El Paso that has become the latest
place where attorneys say young migrants are describing neglect and
mistreatment at the hands of the U.S. government.
Data obtained by The Associated Press showed that on
Wednesday there were three infants in the station, all with their teen mothers,
along with a 1-year-old, two 2-year-olds and a 3-year-old. There are dozens
more under 12. Fifteen have the flu, and 10 more are quarantined.
Three girls told attorneys they were trying to take care of
the 2-year-old boy, who had wet his pants and had no diaper and was wearing a
mucus-smeared shirt when the legal team encountered him…
The lawyers inspected the facilities because they are
involved in the Flores settlement, a Clinton-era legal agreement that governs
detention conditions for migrant children and families. The lawyers negotiated
access to the facility with officials, and say Border Patrol knew the dates of
their visit three weeks in advance.
Many children interviewed had arrived alone at the
U.S.-Mexico border, but some had been separated from their parents or other
adult caregivers including aunts and uncles, the attorneys said.
Government rules call for the children to be held by the
Border Patrol for no longer than 72 hours before they are transferred to the
custody of Health and Human Services, which houses migrant youth in facilities
around the country.” (Q)
“Although the conditions in which migrant children are being
detained has prompted widespread outrage, the Trump administration defended its
detention centers in court on Thursday, Newsweek reports. At the 9th Circuit
Court in San Francisco, a Justice Department lawyer said that denying migrant
children soap and toothbrushes, and requiring them to sleep on concrete floors
in cold and crowded rooms, still qualifies as “safe and sanitary” treatment.
This prompted incredulity from several judges at the hearing, according to
Newsweek.
“Are you arguing seriously that you do not read the [Flores]
agreement as requiring you to do anything other than what I just described:
cold all night long, lights on all night long, sleeping on concrete and you’ve
got an aluminum foil blanket?” U.S. Circuit Judge William Fletcher asked. “I
find that inconceivable that the government would say that that is safe and
sanitary.”” (R)
“Fellow Judge A Wallace Tashima remarked: “It’s within
everybody’s common understanding that if you don’t have a toothbrush, you don’t
have soap, you don’t have a blanket, those are not safe and sanitary
conditions” (S)
PART 1. June 18, 2018 “The Trump administration’s
policy of separating parents and children at the U.S.-Mexico border will have a
dire impact on their health, both now and into the future.”
PART 4. June 21, 2018. “The business of housing,
transporting and watching over migrant children detained along the southwest border
is not a multimillion-dollar business. It’s a billion-dollar one…
PART 8. June 26, 2018. White House Press Secretary Sarah
Huckabee Sanders said the government was starting to “run out of
space” to house people apprehended crossing the border
PART 9. June 27, 2018. “…the only way parents can
quickly be reunited with their children is to drop their claims for asylum… and
agree to be deported.”
PART 13. July 5, 2018. “Most immigrants facing
deportation wouldn’t climb onto a table during their court hearings. But then
again, most 3-year-olds don’t go to court without parents or lawyers.
PART 15. December 4, 2018. PUBLIC HEALTH administrators can
transform monumental unique challenges to “rapid response”
opportunities. Think: Hurricanes Florence and Michael, the California
wildfires, the mysterious polio-like illness, the opioid epidemic, mass
shootings, and immigrant family separation.
ASSIGNMENT: You are the head of the Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso and have been “volunteered” to develop a Rapid Response “shadow” licensing program for the new Carrizo Springs, Texas “emergency” shelter which will house as many as 1,600 teens.
“Are you arguing seriously that you do not read the [Flores] agreement as requiring you to do anything other than what I just described: cold all night long, lights on all night long, sleeping on concrete and you’ve got an aluminum foil blanket?”
HHS..”instructed officials to cut programs “not
directly necessary for the protection of life and safety,” a spokesperson
for the HHS said, according to the Washington Post. These services include
English classes, recreational programs like soccer, and legal aid,…”
Statement from the American Public Health Association and Trust for America’s Health
“As public health professionals we know that children living without their parents face immediate and long-term health consequences. Risks include the acute mental trauma of separation, the loss of critical health information that only parents would know about their children’s health status, and in the case of breastfeeding children, the significant loss of maternal child bonding essential for normal development. Parents’ health would also be affected by this unjust separation.
“More alarming is the interruption of these children’s
chance at achieving a stable childhood. Decades of public health research have
shown that family structure, stability and environment are key social
determinants of a child’s and a community’s health.
“Furthermore, this practice places children at heightened
risk of experiencing adverse childhood events and trauma, which research has
definitively linked to poorer long-term health. Negative outcomes associated
with adverse childhood events include some of society’s most intractable health
issues: alcoholism, substance misuse, depression, suicide, poor physical health
and obesity.”
PART 16. June 21,
2019. The Trump administration is slashing support and services for unaccompanied
minors who cross the US-Mexico border.
“Migrant children are increasingly resorting to sleeping
outside of border patrol stations because the agency charged with sheltering
them, the Department of Health and Human Services, has been overwhelmed by the
influx of asylum-seekers, NBC News reported Tuesday.
HHS, which is reportedly operating at 97 percent capacity,
is responsible for caring for the record number of migrant children that are
arriving at the border each day until they can be placed with a sponsor. As
reports of a humanitarian crisis at the border continue to mount, HHS officials
have urged Congress to provide more resources for the provision of medical care
and shelter.
As of May 31, 1,448 unaccompanied migrant children have
remained in border patrol custody for at least 72 hours, the maximum time
allotted by law, while waiting to be transferred to HHS, according to NBC News.
In total, 1,402 unaccompanied migrant children have been
processed by border patrol and are now waiting to be transferred to a HHS
facility, where are they supposed to receive a bed and support from a social
worker.
The children often resort to sleeping on concrete slabs or
outside the border patrol stations while they await transfer to an HHS facility
that corresponds to their gender and age. The influx of women and children
arriving at the border in recent months has delayed this process as HHS lacks
adequate housing to accommodate a population that is no longer comprised mostly
of single adult males as it once was.” (A)
“The federal government is opening a new mass facility to
hold migrant children in Texas and considering detaining hundreds more youths
on three military bases around the country, adding up to 3,000 new beds to the
already overtaxed system.
The new emergency facility in Carrizo Springs, Texas, will
hold as many as 1,600 teens in a complex that once housed oil field workers on
government-leased land near the border, said Mark Weber, a spokesman for Office
of Refugee Resettlement.
The agency is also weighing using Army and Air Force bases
in Georgia, Montana and Oklahoma to house an additional 1,400 kids in the
coming weeks, amid the influx of children traveling to the U.S. alone. Most of
the children crossed the border without their parents, escaping violence and
corruption in Central America, and are held in government custody while
authorities determine if they can be released to relatives or family friends.
All the new facilities will be considered temporary
emergency shelters, so they won’t be subject to state child welfare licensing
requirements, Weber said. In January, the government shut down an unlicensed
detention camp in the Texas desert under political pressure, and another
unlicensed facility called Homestead remains in operation in the Miami suburbs.”
(B)
“The Trump administration is scaling back services for
unaccompanied minors who cross the US-Mexico border, citing budget constraints
after a surge in crossings not seen in over a decade.
The Trump administration is struggling to deal with the number
of migrants entering the US, and has placed much of the blame for insufficient
services and even several recent deaths of migrant children onto migrants
themselves.
According to new data released by Customs and Border
Protection, 109,144 people were taken into custody last month, nearly 9,000 of
them unaccompanied children.
The Trump administration is slashing support and services
for unaccompanied minors who cross the US-Mexico border, citing budget
constraints after a surge in crossings not seen in for more than a decade.
The Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR), which is part of
the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and provides housing and
resources for migrant children, has instructed providers to suspend funding for
certain programs.
It instructed officials to cut programs “not directly
necessary for the protection of life and safety,” a spokesperson for the
HHS said, according to the Washington Post. These services include English
classes, recreational programs like soccer, and legal aid, the Post said.” (C)
“The government’s plans were swiftly rebuked by civil rights
lawyers representing unaccompanied children, who have been crossing the border
in ever-larger numbers this year to flee poverty and violence in their home
countries, mainly in Central America. And the chief of at least one large
shelter operator said he would continue to offer education and sports at his
network’s facilities.
Some 13,200 migrant children, including adolescents who
crossed the border alone and young children who were separated from their
parents, are currently housed in more than 100 shelters across the country.
They receive English instruction, as well as math, civics and other classes.
Most facilities have a sports field and allow children to go outside, often to
play soccer, at least once a day…
Civil rights and child welfare advocates said that any move
by the government to eliminate education and recreation would constitute a
violation of the Flores settlement, which in 1997 established the standards for
treating migrant children held in government facilities, and would prompt them
to sue for reinstatement of the activities.
“If this administration goes forward with denying education,
recreation and other unspecified so-called nonessential services, it would be
in flagrant violation of the Flores settlement and will face immediate legal
action,” said Neha Desai, co-counsel on the settlement decree, who visits
government shelters to ensure compliance. She is also the immigration director
at the National Center for Youth Law in Oakland, Calif.
“To those of us whose job it is to promote the health and
safety of children, this is a shocking directive,” said Amy Cohen, a
psychiatrist who consults for the Flores team and regularly interviews children
at shelters. “It violates every tenet of basic child welfare practice and will
further harm the medical and psychological health of children fleeing
extraordinarily dangerous circumstances in their home countries.”…
“We have not and we
are not going to curtail recreation and education. We just can’t do that,” said
Kevin Dinnin, president of BCFS, the second-largest shelter network, which
houses about 1,000 children in facilities in Texas. “We will have to use
reserve funds until the government figures out what they are going to do.” (D)
“For the past year and a half, Dr. Eric Russell has been
traveling from Houston to McAllen, Texas, every three months or so to volunteer
at the Catholic Charities Humanitarian Respite Center, a first stop for many
asylum-seeking migrants who’ve been released by U.S. Customs and Border
Protection in the Rio Grande Valley.
During his most recent visit to the clinic in April, when he
saw more than 150 migrants, he noted a troubling new trend: a number of people
reported that their medication had been taken from them by U.S. border
officials.
“I had a few adults that came who had high blood pressure,
who had their blood pressure medications taken from them and, not surprisingly,
their blood pressure was elevated,” Russell told Yahoo News. “There was a
couple of adults that had diabetes that had their diabetes medicines taken from
them, and wanted to come in because they were worried about their blood sugar.
And, not surprisingly, their blood sugar was elevated.”
For Russell, a pediatric emergency medicine physician, the
patient who stood out the most during that visit was a boy of 8 or 9 with a
history of seizures. According to his mother, the child had been on a long-term
seizure medicine in their home country, but the medication had been taken from
him upon entering the Border Patrol custody in McAllen and never returned…
“My concern is,
what’s going to happen if you put a 9-year-old child who has a history of
seizures, without any seizure medicine on a bus for 3 days … is that he’s going
to have a seizure,” Russell said.
Russell added that he can understand the need for a policy
regarding the use of outside medication by detainees. However, he said, “At the
end of the day, as a medical provider, as a physician, we take an oath to first
do no harm. And taking somebody’s medications seems like it’s causing harm.”…
In light of these deaths, the American Academy of
Pediatrics, along with other child health and welfare experts, have offered a
number of recommendations for how CBP can improve the care of migrant children
in its custody, which include ensuring access to screenings and treatment by
medical professionals who know how to recognize and respond to the subtle yet
often rapidly worsening signs of illness in children.
“The AAP has been in discussions for months with [CBP] about
increasing the number of pediatric-trained providers that are at these large
processing centers,” said Griffin. However, information provided by CBP
officials suggests the agency has yet to heed the AAP’s advice as it expands
contracted medical services across the southwest border.” (E)
“The government agency that takes custody over all
unaccompanied minors who arrive on the border has been unable to answer
questions about the number of children who have died in its custody in the
years since President Donald Trump took office.
When children who are traveling by themselves either ask for
asylum at ports of entry or are apprehended by Border Patrol, they are
eventually transferred into the custody of the Office of Refugee Resettlement.
ORR—an agency within the Department of Health and Human Services
(HHS)—maintains a series of shelters for the unaccompanied minors, many of
which are run by independent contractors…
On May 23rd, Pacific Standard sent an email to HHS asking
if, since 2016, any other children had died in ORR custody that the public had
not been made aware of. A media contact in the HHS’s Administration for
Children and Families office confirmed that the email had been received, and
said: “[The] inquiry is with the program office for response—we’ll get the
information back to you just as soon as we have it.”
HHS never got back to Pacific Standard’s inquiry, nor to two
subsequent inquiries sent the next day and again on June 5th…
Jennifer Podkul, the senior director of policy and advocacy
for Kids in Need of Defense—an advocacy organization for immigrant
children—says it’s plausible that there are more children who have died than
the public is aware of.
“It’s certainly possible,” Podkul says. “I
don’t have any specific information about specific cases [that have’t been
reported], but there are a few reasons why I say it’s plausible: One is that
there’s no mandatory reporting requirement for ORR, unlike ICE. And the other
reason, that’s really important, is that ORR doesn’t have any sort of public
monitoring system.”
According to Podkul, though ORR and HHS completes reviews of
the facilities they run for children—both those run by the government and those
run by contractors—those sorts of audits aren’t released to the public.” (F)
“A 16-year-old from Guatemala died of complications of the
flu while in U.S. Border Patrol custody, according to preliminary autopsy
findings, alarming doctors who questioned whether immigration authorities
missed warning signs or chances to save his life.
Carlos Hernandez Vasquez contracted bacterial infections in
addition to the flu, as well as sepsis, which can lead to tissue damage and
organ failure, according to a report released by Hidalgo County authorities
this week. He died May 20. A full autopsy is pending.
Carlos is the sixth child in the last year to die after U.S.
border agents detained him, and the second known to have died of the flu, after
8-year-old Felipe Gómez Alonzo died on Christmas Eve…
“By the time you’re
16 years old, you have great immunity, and you shouldn’t be dying so quickly,”
said Dr. Nizam Peerwani, the Tarrant County medical examiner in Fort Worth,
Texas, and an adviser for the advocacy group Physicians for Human Rights.
Peerwani said Carlos’ rapid deterioration raised questions
about whether he may have had potential symptoms including a fever, body aches,
or breathing trouble before the Border Patrol says he reported being sick.
He should have been taken to a medical facility or clinic
instead of remaining in detention, Peerwani said.
Dr. Julie Linton, co-chair of the American Academy of
Pediatrics’ immigrant health special interest group, also said the prescription
of Tamiflu may not have been enough treatment, especially since the medicine
works best in the first two to three days of illness. While Carlos’ illness was
discovered the day before his death, he may have sick well before then, she
said. “We cannot treat Tamiflu as a substitute for the other care that is
required,” Linton said.
Doctors who treat the flu rely on a patient telling them how
long they’ve had symptoms. Linton pointed out that the processing center where
Carlos was detained has the lights on 24 hours a day, which may have made it
difficult for him to know how long he had been sick.” (G)
“County health officials announced Thursday that the
influenza outbreak at a local migrant shelter continues to worsen with 22 new
cases of flu or flu-like symptoms.
The total number of confirmed flu and “influenza-like
illness” since May 19 among asylum-seeking migrants at a shelter in Bankers
Hill operated by Jewish Family Service of San Diego now stands at 81. Officials
with the county’s Health and Human Services Agency confirmed 12 new cases on
both Tuesday and Wednesday.
In addition, the county has quarantined 63 asylum seekers at
various local hotels to try to contain the outbreak. Two asylum seekers at the
shelter have been transported to the hospital due to their flu symptoms,
according to the county. Health officials have screened roughly 450
asylum-seeking migrants at the shelter for symptoms since May 19.
The county defines an outbreak as one person contracted an
illness and a second person contracting it and showing symptoms within 72
hours. The county first declared the outbreak May 23…
Cases of flu and chicken pox have afflicted immigrant
detention facilities for months, with some detained infants and children
showing fevers of up to 105 degrees. CBP agents temporarily closed processing
functions at the McAllen facility last week amid a flu outbreak, during which
it quarantined more than 30 detainees, according to the Washington Post.
The flu has also caused multiple deaths among detainees at
the border in the last six months. Immigration officials confirmed the
flu-related death of a 16-year-old Guatemalan boy at the McAllen facility last
week, the fifth Guatemalan child to die in federal custody since December and
at least the second to die from flu complications.
The county said it plans to continue monitoring the
situation and providing updates on new flu cases at the shelter. County health
officials are also treating outwardly healthy people at the shelter to prevent
the flu from spreading any further.” (H)
“The recent death of a Guatemalan child after a flu outbreak
at the Customs and Border Protection Centralized Processing Center in McAllen
is unsurprising, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics.
Dr. Julie Linton is the co-chair of the American Academy of
Pediatrics Immigrant Health Special Interest Group. She said processing
facilities and detention centers are no place for children.
Linton said the Ursula Central Processing Center, which is
the largest in the nation, is the type of facility that is a haven for
infectious diseases like flu or tuberculosis and infestations like scabies.
“When you enclose people in close quarters and large
spaces, it’s much more difficult to control the spread of illness,” Linton
said. “I think what we also know, however, is that we have children who are
presenting and asking for medical attention — we have families who are asking
for medical evaluations for their children — and they’re being evaluated, and
then after evaluation they’re being sent back to processing centers.”
Linton said a sick child is not going to do well in those
conditions.
“I’m a pediatrician, and I care for sick children all
the time, and I would never suggest, in healing, a child return to a cold
concrete floor, covered by a silver, mylar blanket which is really more of a
sheet, to heal from their illness, and certainly not in a setting where they’re
exposed to constant stress,” Linton said…
The AAP has created a toolkit to help those who come into
contact with immigrant children to help them get and stay healthy.
The McAllen processing center temporarily closed last week
after medical staff identified 32 other migrants who were experiencing symptoms
of the flu.” (I)
“The deaths of migrant children in U.S. custody raise grave
humanitarian concerns and set off alarms. Medical experts, human rights groups
and children’s advocates long have decried unsanitary and crowded conditions at
the facilities where children and families are detained for days before they
are transferred to shelters or released with notices to appear before a judge.
These experts have warned that the living conditions, coupled with the physical
and traumatic effects of migrants’ grueling journeys here, exact a punishing
toll that endangers the children’s lives.
Castro and other members of Congress have called for a
federal investigation. According to Castro, prior to the deaths over the past
eight months, U.S. Customs and Border Protection had gone more than a decade
without a child dying in its custody.
Federal scrutiny of the immigration detention facilities
holding children and families is urgently needed. Americans deserve a full
accounting of the deaths and a plan for averting more tragedies. The U.S. must
guard its borders, but it must do so responsibly, ensuring the welfare of the
children it holds in its custody. Detaining 10-year-olds in fenced-in pens who
are not a threat to this country and who, with their families, are merely
seeking protection is punitive and not what America stands for. If the
administration cannot adequately care for the children in its custody, it must
re-examine its detention policy.
No investigation can be complete without a thorough vetting
of the administration’s hard-line border enforcement policies, which once
separated thousands of children from their families, literally tearing some
from their parents’ arms, a policy since discarded amid an international
outcry. It may take up to two years for authorities to identify the children,
the federal government said in April. It is no wonder that such a dereliction
of duty leads some to question if children are merely considered collateral
damage in the administration’s crackdown on immigration…
The Border Patrol needs help, agreed Marsha Griffin, a
pediatrician on the South Texas border and a spokesperson for the American
Academy of Pediatrics. “We need to provide them with more and better medical
(staff), especially when it pertains to children,” Griffin told us.
Along with other facets of its border enforcement
crackdowns, the federal government is trying to send a message to deter
migrants from coming, Gilman said.” (J)
“As the Trump administration works to address what it
describes as a growing “crisis” at the U.S.-Mexico border, officials
said in a court filing that it may take two years for the government to
identify thousands of migrant children who were separated from their families.
The filing Friday outlined the government’s plan to use data
analysis and manual reviews to sift through the cases of about 47,000 children
who were apprehended by U.S. immigration officials from July 1, 2017, to June
25, 2018, to identify which children might have been taken from family members.
It estimated the process “would take at least 12 months, and possibly up
to 24 months.”
Last month, U.S. District Judge Dana Sabraw expanded the
number of migrant families that the government may be forced to reunite under
his previous order after an inspector general report revealed that the
administration had an undisclosed family separation pilot program in place
starting in July of 2017. The ruling was made as part of a lawsuit led by the
American Civil Liberties Union.
“The administration refuses to treat the family
separation crisis it created with urgency, ” the ACLU said in a statement
Saturday. “We strongly oppose any plan that gives the government up to two
years to find kids. The government swiftly gathered resources to tear families
apart. It must do the same to fix the damage.” (K)
“Rom Rahimian, a medical student working at
Banner-University Medical Center Tucson, was trying to help a 20-year-old
Guatemalan woman who had been found late last year in the desert — dehydrated,
pregnant and already in labor months before her due date. But the Border Patrol
agents lingering in the room were making him uncomfortable.
The agents remained in the obstetrics ward night and day as
physicians worked to halt her labor. They were present during her medical
examinations, listened in on conversations with doctors and watched her
ultrasounds, Mr. Rahimian said. They kept the television on loud, interfering
with her sleep. When agents began pressing the medical staff to discharge the
woman to an immigration detention facility, the doctors took action.
“It was a race against the clock to see if we can get her
into any other situation,” Mr. Rahimian said. He called a lawyer and asked,
“What can we do? What are her rights?”
As apprehensions of migrants climb at the southwest border,
and dozens a day are taken to community hospitals, medical providers are
challenging practices — by both government agencies and their own hospitals —
that they say are endangering patients and undermining recent pledges to
improve health care for migrants.
The problems range from shackling patients to beds and not
permitting them to use restrooms to pressuring doctors to discharge patients
quickly and certify that they can be held in crowded detention facilities that
immigration officials themselves say are unsafe. Physicians say that needed
follow-up care for long-term detainees is often neglected, and that they have
been prevented from informing family members about the status of critically ill
patients. Agency vehicles parked conspicuously near hospital entrances, health
providers say, are also stoking fear and interfering with broader immigrant
care.
Doctors typically do not know what rights they might have to
challenge these practices. At Banner and several other hospital systems across
the country, they have called on administrators to oppose and change security
measures that they view as endangering health..
Health systems, too, maintain policies that doctors say are
problematic. Banner Health, like some others, has a policy that applies equally
to immigration detainees and prisoners. It disallows bathroom privileges,
requires at least two limbs to be secured to beds unless medically inadvisable,
gives agents discretion over whether mothers may visit newborns and obliges law
enforcement officers to remain with patients.” (L)
“A premature newborn baby girl and her 17-year-old migrant
mother were almost entirely ignored and neglected for an entire week while held
by Border Patrol near the Texas border.
Lawyers who visited the immigration processing station in
McAllen, TX, told HuffPost that the one-month-old infant was wrapped in a dirty
towel and wore soiled clothing. The mother was severely underslept,
wheelchair-bound, and unable to walk or lie down due to pain from an emergency
C-section.
The baby was born in Mexico after the mother left Guatemala
for the U.S. while eight months pregnant. Neither mother nor child has been
publicly identified.
According to immigration and human rights attorney Hope
Frye, the mother was taken to a hospital at least once for pain medication, but
the baby had not received any medical care since being placed in Border Patrol
custody.” (M)
“The Trump administration has made its position on
immigration clear as day. But the executive branch’s crackdown on immigration —
legal and otherwise — has come with a cost. A new NBC News analysis found that
24 immigrants died in ICE custody since President Trump took office, and that
figure notably doesn’t include migrants who died while they were detained by
other government agencies.
“What we’re seeing is a reckless and unprecedented
expansion of a system that is punitive, harmful and costly,” Katharina
Obser, a senior policy adviser at the Women’s Refugee Commission, told the news
outlet. The government has filed to provide immigrants in its custody with
medical and mental health care, she added.
The NBC News report comes as the number of migrant children
who die after crossing the U.S.-Mexico border continues to rise. The report
also indicates that the number of immigrants in U.S. custody has recently
reached an all-time high, with about 52,500 immigrants currently in ICE custody
per day.
In a statement provided to NBC News, ICE said that “it
takes very seriously the health, safety and welfare of those in our care,”
and that “any death that happens in ICE custody is a cause for
concern.”
So far, at least five migrant children have died after being
apprehended at or near the U.S.-Mexico border since December. A 10-year-old
girl from El Salvador also died in September, although the public did not learn
about her death until May of this year,
per the BBC. The five children who have died since December were all from
Guatemala.” (N)
“The Texas Tribune reports more than 5,800 unaccompanied
migrant children are living in 35 shelters across the state as of last month.
The U.S. government has also reported more than 144,000
migrants were apprehended or denied entry last month, which is a 13-year high.
They say more than half of the families detained had
children. And 8 percent of these migrants are considered to be unaccompanied
minors…
Right now, Texas has 35 state-licensed shelters. The Texas
Health and Human Services Commission says combined, the 35 shelters can
accommodate up to 6,423 children, meaning the state shelters are at about 90
percent capacity.
These migrant children living in federal shelters no longer
have access to English classes, recreational programs, like soccer, and legal
aid, after the Trump Administration decided to cancel these activities due to
budget pressures earlier this month.
The Texas Tribune reported that the director of Hope Border
Institute, Dylan Corbett, told them this decision was.. “a demonstration of
their willingness to use children as pawns in a politically motivated plan to
inflict as much pain as possible.” (O)
“……the administration is taking new steps to deprive the
children it is holding in custody of basic necessities. Last week, the
administration cut funding for education, recreation and legal aid for migrant
children and youth in federal shelters. An estimated 13,200 minors are
currently being held in shelters contracted by the Office of Refugee
Resettlement (ORR). The Children’s Defense Fund recently joined more than 100
other organizations signing on to a letter to the Secretary of HHS and other
federal leaders condemning the decision.
As the letter explains, “It is widely recognized in
international, federal, and state law that children are unique from adults and
should be afforded special protections that support their developmental needs.”
That’s why the Flores settlement, the existing agreement that limits the length
of time and conditions under which federal officials can detain immigrant
children, requires the government to place children in the least restrictive
setting that is in the best interest of the child.
It’s also why the services the administration is taking away
from these children — including English, math, science and reading classes and
outdoor activities such as soccer and basketball — are essential to their
development…
Immigrant children are still children. They are our
children. It doesn’t matter how a child came to be in our country — once they
are here, in the wealthiest and most powerful nation on earth, it is our duty
and our obligation to care for them, support them and give them the opportunity
to grow up and thrive. Instead, we are cruelly stripping away their chance to
learn, to play and to connect. And in the worst and most unforgivable cases, we
are letting them die on our watch.
Even for an administration already known for its cruel
treatment of immigrant children this is another heartless and disgraceful step
too far. We are better than this.” (P)
“A 2-year-old boy locked in detention wants to be held all
the time. A few girls, ages 10 to 15, say they’ve been doing their best to feed
and soothe the clingy toddler who was handed to them by a guard days ago.
Lawyers warn that kids are taking care of kids, and there’s inadequate food,
water and sanitation for the 250 infants, children and teens at the Border
Patrol station.
The bleak portrait emerged Thursday after a legal team
interviewed 60 children at the facility near El Paso that has become the latest
place where attorneys say young migrants are describing neglect and mistreatment
at the hands of the U.S. government.
Data obtained by The Associated Press showed that on
Wednesday there were three infants in the station, all with their teen mothers,
along with a 1-year-old, two 2-year-olds and a 3-year-old. There are dozens
more under 12. Fifteen have the flu, and 10 more are quarantined.
Three girls told attorneys they were trying to take care of
the 2-year-old boy, who had wet his pants and had no diaper and was wearing a
mucus-smeared shirt when the legal team encountered him…
The lawyers inspected the facilities because they are
involved in the Flores settlement, a Clinton-era legal agreement that governs
detention conditions for migrant children and families. The lawyers negotiated
access to the facility with officials, and say Border Patrol knew the dates of
their visit three weeks in advance.
Many children interviewed had arrived alone at the
U.S.-Mexico border, but some had been separated from their parents or other
adult caregivers including aunts and uncles, the attorneys said.
Government rules call for the children to be held by the
Border Patrol for no longer than 72 hours before they are transferred to the
custody of Health and Human Services, which houses migrant youth in facilities
around the country.” (Q)
“Although the conditions in which migrant children are being
detained has prompted widespread outrage, the Trump administration defended its
detention centers in court on Thursday, Newsweek reports. At the 9th Circuit
Court in San Francisco, a Justice Department lawyer said that denying migrant
children soap and toothbrushes, and requiring them to sleep on concrete floors
in cold and crowded rooms, still qualifies as “safe and sanitary”
treatment. This prompted incredulity from several judges at the hearing,
according to Newsweek.
“Are you arguing seriously that you do not read the
[Flores] agreement as requiring you to do anything other than what I just
described: cold all night long, lights on all night long, sleeping on concrete
and you’ve got an aluminum foil blanket?” U.S. Circuit Judge William Fletcher
asked. “I find that inconceivable that the government would say that that
is safe and sanitary.”” (R)
“Fellow Judge A Wallace Tashima remarked: “It’s within everybody’s common understanding that if you don’t have a toothbrush, you don’t have soap, you don’t have a blanket, those are not safe and sanitary.” (S)
PART 1. June 18, 2018 “The Trump administration’s policy of
separating parents and children at the U.S.-Mexico border will have a dire
impact on their health, both now and into the future.” (C)
PART 4. June 21, 2018. “The business of housing,
transporting and watching over migrant children detained along the southwest
border is not a multimillion-dollar business. It’s a billion-dollar one…
PART 8. June 26, 2018. White House Press Secretary Sarah
Huckabee Sanders said the government was starting to “run out of space” to
house people apprehended crossing the border
PART 9. June 27, 2018. “…the only way parents can quickly be
reunited with their children is to drop their claims for asylum… and agree to
be deported.”
PART 13. July 5, 2018. “Most immigrants facing deportation
wouldn’t climb onto a table during their court hearings. But then again, most
3-year-olds don’t go to court without parents or lawyers.
PART 15. December 4, 2018. PUBLIC HEALTH administrators can
transform monumental unique challenges to “rapid response” opportunities.
Think: Hurricanes Florence and Michael, the California wildfires, the
mysterious polio-like illness, the opioid epidemic, mass shootings, and
immigrant family separation.
In a “worst-case scenario,” the current Ebola
outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo may take up to two years to end….
San Antonio found itself ill-prepared to handle a sudden influx of refugees from the Democratic Republic of Congo.
ASSIGNMENT: What immediate actions should be taken in the United States?
PARTS 1-11,
May 15, 2017 to August 30, 2018, after new PART 12.
PART 12. June17,
2019. “Three cases of Ebola have emerged in Uganda, a neighboring
country to the Democratic Republic of the Congo.”
“Dr. Jeremy Farrar, director of Wellcome Trust, a UK medical
research charity, said that while Uganda was well-prepared to cope with the
disease, global health authorities should be ready for more cases in the
Democratic Republic of Congo and other neighboring countries.
“This epidemic is in a truly frightening phase and
shows no sign of stopping anytime soon,” he said in a statement.
“There are now more deaths than any other Ebola
outbreak in history, bar the West Africa Epidemic of 2013-16, and there can be
no doubt that the situation could escalate towards those terrible levels.”..
WHO is likely to come under pressure to declare the outbreak
an international health emergency. In April, the health body said it did not
constitute a “public health emergency of international concern.”
WHO defines a public health emergency of international
concern as “an extraordinary event” that constitutes a “public
health risk to other States through the international spread of disease”
and “to potentially require a coordinated international response.”’’
“A step up in the national response with full
international support is critical if we’re to contain the epidemic and ensure
the very best protection for the communities at risk and for the health workers
working to protect lives,” Farrar said. “This needs to be championed
at the highest political levels, including at the UN and the upcoming
G20.” (A)
“Three cases of Ebola have emerged in Uganda, a neighboring
country to the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), officials said.
On Tuesday, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced
that a 5-year-old boy had been diagnosed in Uganda, apparently after crossing
over from the DRC. WHO officials said it was the first Ebola case in Uganda
during the ongoing outbreak in the DRC.
Then, early Wednesday, Uganda’s health ministry said two
additional cases had been diagnosed — the boy’s grandmother and a 3-year-old
sibling, now in an isolation unit. The ministry also said the 5-year-old had
died.
In an all-too-familiar scenario when it comes to infectious
diseases, the cases appear to be travel-related. When the 5-year-old became
ill, the family sought care at a hospital in Bwera, Uganda, which is less than
a mile from the DRC’s eastern border. Ebola was identified as a potential cause
of illness, the WHO said.
“This is a sobering development that everyone has been
working to avoid, and highlights the complexity of the Ebola outbreak in the
Democratic Republic of the Congo,” said CDC director Robert Redfield, MD,
in a statement about the first case.
Uganda was not entirely unprepared for imported Ebola, as
about 4,700 health workers in the country have already been vaccinated in 165
health facilities. The WHO and the country’s Ministry of Health have dispatched
a rapid response team to identify, monitor and care for those who might be at
risk. In addition, those who have come into contact with the patient, as well
as at-risk previously unvaccinated health workers, will be vaccinated, they
said…” (B)
“Twenty-seven people are said to have been in contact with
the three confirmed cases in Uganda. They have been restricted to their homes
and will be vaccinated against Ebola.
The people who fled from a hospital isolation unit had been
found to have high temperatures when they crossed the border from DR Congo to
the Ugandan district of Kanungu, which is about 150km (93 miles) south of
Kasese. Medical workers did not get a chance to take samples of their blood to
send for testing before their escape.” (C)
“Over the weekend and through today the Democratic Republic
of the Congo (DRC) reported 23 new Ebola cases, 2 of them in healthcare workers
and one involving a reintroduction of the virus into an earlier affected area…
The cases involving healthcare workers are in Mabalako. One
worker is a vaccinated nurse who agreed to be taken to an Ebola treatment
center after she tested positive for Ebola, marking the second case at the same
clinic following the admission of several Ebola patients. The other is also a
vaccinated health worker, raising the cumulative number of cases in healthcare
workers to 113.” (D)
“The World Health Organization warned Friday that it may not
be possible to contain Ebola to the two affected provinces in eastern Congo if
violent attacks on health teams continue.
The ominous statement comes amid escalating violence nine
months after the outbreak began, crippling efforts to identify suspected cases
in the community and vaccinate those most at risk. Earlier this week, Mai-Mai
militia fighters attacked the town of Butembo at the epicenter of the crisis.
The update also noted that a burial team had been “violently
attacked” after they interred an Ebola victim in the town of Katwa. The corpses
of victims are highly contagious, requiring special precautions to ensure the
disease is not transmitted at funerals…
David Miliband, president of International Rescue Committee,
has met with health workers in the regional capital of Goma this week. Some
fear it could take another year to get the disease under control, he said.
“There is a real concern to make sure it doesn’t spread to
Goma,” he said. “And so this is, I think, a more dangerous situation than is
widely recognized outside the country.”..
In addition to the risks posed by militias there also has
been widespread community mistrust in eastern Congo, a byproduct of years of
conflict and grievances with the government. WHO said it was aiming to have the
of majority vaccine teams comprised of local health workers by the end of the
month in an effort to reduce tensions.” (E)
“In a “worst-case scenario,” the current Ebola
outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo may take up to two years to end, a
World Health Organization official said Thursday.
The outbreak, which began Aug. 1, is “not under
control,” Mike Ryan, executive director of WHO Health Emergencies
Programme, said during a press briefing. “We may end up dealing with this
outbreak for a long time.”..
Dr. Ryan said that numbers have stabilized and even fallen
in the last two weeks, yet he also said there’s still “substantial
transmission” in some health zones. While there is a smaller geographic
footprint, the spread of disease is rampant within affected zones, he added.”
(F)
“The World Health Organization is considering whether to
declare the current Ebola outbreak in central Africa a global health crisis
after new cases spread to Uganda from neighboring Democratic Republic of the
Congo, where the disease has already killed nearly 1,400 people…
A WHO expert committee on the outbreak was scheduled to meet
for a third time, this time on Friday in Geneva, where it will discuss whether
to declare a global health emergency.
The latest Ebola outbreak, centered in northeastern Congo,
was declared in August. It is “by far the largest” of 10 such
outbreaks in the country in the past 40 years, according to Doctors Without
Borders.
Meanwhile Rwanda, which neighbors both the DRC and Uganda,
says it is tightening its borders with both countries and the government is
urging people not to travel to affected areas, according to the state-backed
newspaper The New Times.
Earlier this year, Rwanda said it would begin issuing
front-line health workers an experimental Ebola vaccine in an effort to keep
the disease from crossing into its territory. And Uganda’s health ministry has
been encouraging its public to get the vaccine, assuring them of the vaccines
safety and effectiveness, Aceng said in a statement.”..(G)
.
“We are entering a very new phase of high impact
epidemics and this isn’t just Ebola,” Dr Michael Ryan, the executive
director of the WHO’s health emergencies programme told me.
He said the world is “seeing a very worrying
convergence of risks” that are increasing the dangers of diseases
including Ebola, cholera and yellow fever.
He said climate change, emerging diseases, exploitation of
the rainforest, large and highly mobile populations, weak governments and
conflict were making outbreaks more likely to occur and more likely to swell in
size once they did.
Dr Ryan said the World Health Organization was tracking 160
disease events around the world and nine were grade three emergencies (the
WHO’s highest emergency level).
“I don’t think we’ve ever had a situation where we’re
responding to so many emergencies at one time. This is a new normal, I don’t
expect the frequency of these events to reduce.”
As a result, he argued that countries and other bodies
needed to “get to grips with readiness [and] be ready for these
epidemics”.
It took 224 days for the number of cases to reach 1,000, but
just a further 71 days to reach 2,000.” (H)
High impact disease outbreaks such as Ebola could become the
“new normal”, the World Health Organization has said…
“We are entering a
new phase in terms of high impact epidemics and this isn’t just Ebola. You look
at cholera, yellow fever, many other diseases – we’re seeing both re-emergence
and resurgence,” Dr Ryan said.
He added that 80 per cent of such epidemics were occurring
in fragile, conflict-affected states such as DRC.
“So we’re seeing a very worrying convergence of risks. Areas
of high biodiversity, high population density, high population mobility, weak
governance, conflict and many other things layered on top of each other,” he
said.
WHO is currently monitoring 160 different disease events
around the world, including 33 emergencies, nine of which are grade three,
requiring the highest level of operational response.” (I)
“When West Africa was declared Ebola-free in January 2016,
the international community — having realized how the world’s weakest health
systems threaten global health security — vowed that never again would we let
such a health crisis fester until it became a calamity. A period of unprecedented
attention to global health security began.
We had learned the importance of a rapid mobilization after
the World Health Organization’s (WHO) egregious failure to sound the alarm
until months into outbreak. We saw the necessity to declare the highest level
of global emergency to secure political commitments and mobilize scarce
resources.
We discovered that distrust of government often obstructed
the response, and that every means must be sought to vest the affected
populations, enlisting traditional leaders, priests, imams, midwives, youth
leaders, civil society, local journalists, anyone with a trusted voice.
And it was the United States that led the global scale-up,
including the deployment to Liberia of the 101st Airborne.
Three years later in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
(DRC), it feels like many of the lessons learned were learned in vain — and
with the White House decision to bar U.S. officials, including the Centers for
Disease Control (CDC), from entering the worst-affected zones as well as a
strict interpretation of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act resulting in
the withholding of non-humanitarian assistance, we have an unprecedented
sidelining of U.S. expertise that — until now —has been on the frontlines for
every Ebola outbreak…
Ebola was defeated in West Africa when a global declaration
of emergency created the conditions for charities and frontline healthcare
workers to get ahead of the Ebola transmission curve. The disease was brought
under control only after it was acknowledged that you don’t isolate the
communities, you work with them, to isolate the virus. And it was defeated with
U.S. leadership.” (J)
“This outbreak has featured organized attacks on the
response efforts, specifically targeting medical facilities and healthcare personnel
in violation of humanitarian laws, reported Annie Sparrow, MBBS, MD, of the
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City, and colleagues…
“These attacks arouse concern that armed groups are
exploiting the epidemic for broader military or political ambitions, and they
have resulted in recurrent temporary suspension of response activities in
affected areas,” the authors wrote…
Sparrow and colleagues agreed, writing, “Even in the
middle of intractable conflicts, success in controlling Ebola must be achieved.
We have the tools of global disease surveillance, rapid-response systems, and
biomedical solutions — if there is the political will to protect health
workers in conflict zones.”
Moeti described that the Ebola outbreak in the DRC as
“one of the most complex health emergencies the world has faced,”
adding that juggling the dual responsibilities of protecting staff and
colleagues while responding to the outbreak is no small feat.” (K)
“Though community attitudes and the decisions of individuals
contribute to how outbreaks spread, a broken health system seems to be the
single largest contributor to how susceptible a country might be to an
outbreak, and how quickly it can be stamped out.
During the West Africa outbreak, which was considerably
larger and more deadly than the outbreak in Congo, most people who fell ill
never had Ebola. Early on, sick patients waited days, sometimes weeks, for
laboratory tests. When someone showed symptoms of Ebola, they were sent into a
“holding unit,” hastily constructed tarpaulin-walled units, where it was hot
and often crowded with make-shift cots.
Unfortunately, the symptoms of Ebola resemble many other
diseases prevalent in the region and all sick people with Ebola-like symptoms
were held in the same room, increasing the likelihood of transmission within
the facilities themselves…
One of the key reasons Ebola spread so rapidly in Sierra
Leone, Liberia and Guinea was that those countries’ health systems were
woefully under-resourced to respond to basic health needs, let alone an
outbreak of a deadly infectious disease. In Congo, the number of people who
have access to comprehensive care is not just low — it’s basically zero…
America has a role to play. One of the greatest global
health funding mechanisms was implemented by President George W. Bush, who
created the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), which helped
millions of people dying from HIV/AIDS access treatment. We need similarly bold
and comprehensive aid packages for strengthening public health systems in poor
countries — ones that fund training for the next generation of doctors and
nurses, improve supply chains for essential medicines and build public teaching
hospitals and clinics and other essential health infrastructure. Such a program
would be a long-term commitment, untethered from a specific emergency.
Some Americans may argue that we don’t have a responsibility
to fix health care in far-off places. President Donald J. Trump might be among
them. The afternoon after Congo declared its latest Ebola outbreak, he cut $252
million for global disease prevention funding because it was “no longer
needed.”
But even people who do not see this as a moral imperative
should see it as a national security issue. Epidemics should worry us more than
terrorists: tuberculosis, unlike Ebola, is airborne, and Congo has among the
highest TB rates in the world. That impacts us all.” (L)
“There are 88 nations where the per capita GDP is lower than
that of Guatemala, which stands at $4,471 as of 2017. That is likely well over
one billion people living in similar or worse conditions than those coming to
our border today, primarily from Central America. As such, it’s no surprise
that once our government telegraphed the message to the world that our
sovereignty no longer matters when someone invades with a child, people are now
coming in large numbers from all over the world, including from the most
disease-prone countries in Africa.
While Africans have been trickling over our border in recent
months, on Friday, Customs and Border Protection (CBP) announced that “the
first large group of people from Africa” were apprehended in the Del Rio sector
of Texas. In total, 116 individuals were apprehended in this African caravan on
Thursday morning, including 35 from Angola, one from Cameroon, and 80 from
Congo.
This demonstrates that the global migration, at this pace,
will be a bottomless pit, because even if we eventually empty out the northern
triangle of Central America, there are unlimited regions in the world where
poverty is pervasive and from which people will travel to seek the de facto
amnesty being offered…
With family units being released within days, often within
hours, how can our government be certain that Americans, not to mention Border
Patrol and local health officials, are not being put in danger? This is why the
law (8 U.S.C. § 1222(a)) requires the government to detain all migrants “for a
sufficient time to enable the immigration officers and medical officers to
subject such aliens to observation and an examination sufficient to determine
whether or not they belong to inadmissible classes.” This was for all migrants.
It was always presumed that we would never take in people from specific
countries that were experiencing deadly epidemics.” (M)
“For the third time, the World Health Organization declined
on Friday to declare the Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo a
public health emergency, though the outbreak spread this week into neighboring
Uganda and ranks as the second deadliest in history.
An expert panel advising the W.H.O. advised against it
because the risk of the disease spreading beyond the region remained low and
declaring an emergency could have backfired. Other countries might have reacted
by stopping flights to the region, closing borders or restricting travel, steps
that could have damaged Congo’s economy.
Dr. Preben Aavitsland, a Norwegian public health expert who
served as the acting chairman of the emergency committee advising the W.H.O.,
said there was “not much to be gained but potentially a lot to lose.” ..
Experts do not expect the Ugandan outbreak to spiral out of
control.
Uganda has a strong central government and a cash-starved
but organized health care system. It has endured and beaten three previous
Ebola outbreaks, in 2000, 2007 and 2012.” (N)
“Neighboring countries have been preparing for the
possibility that the virus might jump borders in a region where the population
is highly mobile and where more than a million people are displaced from their
homes because of decades of ethnic conflict.
Thousands of medical personnel in Uganda, Rwanda and South
Sudan have already received a vaccine to protect themselves, and border guards
have screened more than 65 million people crossing through 80 ports of entry
and operational health checkpoints.” (O)
“In Uganda, the battle against Ebola will be determined by
the government’s ability to win the confidence of the people. The country is
not strife-torn like its volatile neighbour, and has a more robust health
system. For the time being, at least, there is hope the disease will be
contained in Uganda.” (P)
“The isolation ward for Ebola patients is a tent erected in
the garden of the local hospital. Gloves are given out sparingly to health
workers. And when the second person in this Uganda border town died after the
virus outbreak spread from neighboring Congo, the hospital for several hours
couldn’t find a vehicle to take away the body.
“We don’t really have an isolation ward,” the Bwera
Hospital’s administrator, Pedson Buthalha, told The Associated Press. “It’s
just a tent. To be honest, we can’t accommodate more than five people.”
Medical workers leading Uganda’s effort against Ebola lament
what they call limited support in the days since infected members of a
Congolese-Ugandan family showed up, one vomiting blood. Three have since died.
While Ugandan authorities praise the health workers as
“heroes” and say they are prepared to contain the virus, some workers disagree,
wondering where the millions of dollars spent on preparing for Ebola have gone
if a hospital on the front line lacks basic supplies.” (Q)
“The Tanzanian Minister of Health issued an “alert” on
Sunday following the outbreak of Ebola cases this week in Uganda, a country
with which Tanzania shares a long border.“I would like to alert the public to
the existence of a threat of an Ebola epidemic in our country following the
outbreak of this disease in Uganda,” said Health Minister Ummy Mwalimu. She
justified this warning by “the important interactions between the populations
of the two countries via official borders or other unofficial channels”.” (R)
“Alexandra Phelan, a global health expert at Georgetown
University, said the legal criteria for declaring Ebola a global emergency have
long been met, even before the virus reached Uganda.
“I think the declaration should be made tonight,”
she said. “Given that we are still seeing daily numbers of cases in the
double digits and we do not have adequate surveillance, this indicates the
outbreak is a persistent regional risk.”
Phelan said she was concerned WHO might be swayed by
political considerations.
As the far deadlier 2014-16 Ebola outbreak raged in West
Africa, WHO was heavily criticized for not declaring a global emergency until
nearly 1,000 people had died and the virus had spread to at least three
countries. Internal WHO documents later showed the agency feared the
declaration would have economic and social implications for Liberia, Guinea and
Sierra Leone.”
“It’s legitimate for countries to raise these concerns,
but the basis on which WHO and its emergency committee should be looking at is
the risk to public health and the risk of international spread,” Phelan
said.”” (S)
“Today the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) is announcing activation of its Emergency Operations Center (EOC) on
Thursday, June 13, 2019, to support the inter-agency response to the current
Ebola outbreak in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The DRC
outbreak is the second largest outbreak of Ebola ever recorded and the largest
outbreak in DRC’s history. The confirmation this week of three
travel-associated cases in Uganda further emphasizes the ongoing threat of this
outbreak. As part of the Administration’s whole-of-government effort, CDC
subject matter experts are working with the USAID Disaster Assistance Response
Team (DART) on the ground in the DRC and the American Embassy in Kinshasa to
support the Congolese and international response. The CDC’s EOC staff will
further enhance this effort.
CDC’s activation of the EOC at Level 3, the lowest level of
activation, allows the agency to provide increased operational support for the
response to meet the outbreak’s evolving challenges. CDC subject matter experts
will continue to lead the CDC response with enhanced support from other CDC and
EOC staff.
“We are activating the Emergency Operations Center at CDC
headquarters to provide enhanced operational support to our expanded Ebola
response team deployed in DRC,” said CDC Director Robert R. Redfield, M.D.
“Through CDC’s command center we are consolidating our public health expertise
and logistics planning for a longer term, sustained effort to bring this
complex epidemic to an end.”” (T)
“San Antonio found itself ill-prepared to handle a sudden
influx of refugees from the Democratic Republic of Congo.
The Texas city was reportedly not informed by U.S. Border
Patrol that the migrants, who began arriving on Tuesday, were coming, according
to Interim Assistant City Manager Dr. Colleen Bridger.
“We didn’t get a heads up,” Bridger told KENS 5 on Thursday.
“When we called Border Patrol to confirm, they said, ‘yeah,
another 200 to 300 from the Congo and Angola will be coming to San Antonio,’”
she added.
The refugees, fleeing the Congo where an Ebola epidemic that
began last year has now surpassed 2,000 cases, arrived in the Alamo city after
reportedly traveling to the southern U.S. border with a group of about 350
migrants through Ecuador.
The city says Border Patrol told them earlier this week
(when the city reached out) to expect 200-300 more migrants from the Congo and
Angola to arrive in the coming days.
Besides the burden of processing and sheltering the
migrants, the city has found an added challenge of communication, as KENS 5
reported that San Antonio is now “in desperate need of French-speaking
volunteers.”
About 375 people, from a total of 450 just on Wednesday at
the Migrant Resource Center, were housed at Travis Park Church that night.
Another center was opened to shelter hundreds more expected to arrive, but
plans to send the migrants to other cities have not yet panned out.
“The plan was 350 of them would travel from San Antonio to
Portland. When we reached out to Portland Maine they said, ‘Please don’t send
us any more. We’re already stretched way beyond our capacity,” Bridger said.
“So we’re working with them [the migrants] now to identify other cities
throughout the United States where they can go and begin their asylum seeking
process.”” (U)
“In Portland — the largest city in Maine, with a population
of 66,417 — about 200 African migrants were sleeping on cots on Friday night in
a temporary emergency shelter set up in the Portland Expo Center. The city has
a large Congolese community, and has built a reputation as a place friendly to
asylum seekers. It created the government-financed Portland Community Support
Fund to provide rental payments to landlords and other forms of assistance for
asylum seekers, the only fund of its kind in the country, Portland officials
said.
Many of the recent African migrants do not have relatives in
the country, so they are being released with no travel arrangements, a problem
that local officials and nonprofit groups are forced to sort out.
The mayor of Portland, Ethan K. Strimling, said they
welcomed African migrants, and a donation campaign for them had raised more
than $20,000 in its first 36 hours.
“I don’t consider it a crisis, in the sense that it is going
to be detrimental to our city,” Mr. Strimling said. “We’re not building walls.
We’re not trying to stop people. In Maine, and Portland in particular, we’ve
been built on the backs of immigrants for 200 years, and this is just the
current wave that’s arriving.”” (V)
PART 4. June 11, 2018 . “With an outbreak like this, it’s a
race against time, as one Ebola patient with symptoms can infect several people
every day.”
PART 5. June 16, 2018.
EBOLA, ZIKA. EMERGING VIRUSES. “ All too often with infectious diseases,
it is only when people start to die that necessary action is taken.”
PART 8. June 24, 2018.
“Slightly over a month into the response, further spread of [Ebola Virus
Disease] has largely been contained,” WHO announced on June 20.
PART 10. August 20, 2018. At least 10 health-care workers
have been infected with the deadly Ebola virus as they battle an outbreak in an
eastern province of Congo
